Comparison of Drainage Methods in Minimally Invasive Esophagectomy (DEMURE）

Inclusion Criteria: * Age ≥18 years * Pathologically confirmed esophageal cancer requiring three-incision esophagectomy (cervical, thoracic, and abdominal incisions) * ASA physical status class I-III Exclusion Criteria: * History of chronic pain or long-term use of analgesics prior to surgery * Severe cardiopulmonary dysfunction (e.g., FEV1 \<50%) * Coagulation disorders or patients undergoing reoperation * Intraoperative findings of extensive pleural adhesions, combined resection of adjacent organs, or other conditions deemed by the investigator to warrant exclusion