Safety and Efficacy of Integrative Korean Medicine Treatment for Elderly After Traffic Accident

euroqol-5 dimension (EQ-5D)

EQ-5D is most widely used as a method of indirectly calculating the quality of life from various aspects. The EQ-5D consists of 5 questions (mobility, self-care, usual activities, pain, anxiety/depression) that ask about the current state of health, and answers each question with 5 likert. (1=I have no problems about, 2=I have slight problems about, 3=I have moderate problems about, 4=I have severe problems about, 5=I am unable to about).

Time frame: The results are measured for each patient at admission (before) and discharge (after) from January 2021 to December 31, 2023.

Neck Disability Index (NDI)

NDI is a functional disability questionnaire. The possible range of each item score is 0 to 5. Total score range is 0 (better outcome) to 100 (worse outcome).

Time frame: The results are measured for each patient at admission (before) and discharge (after) from January 2021 to December 31, 2023.

Oswestry Disability Index (ODI)

ODI is a 10-item questionnaire developed to evaluate the degree of disability for lower back pain. Each item is divided into 6 levels, and 0 to 5 points are awarded. The higher the score, the greater the degree of disability.

Time frame: The results are measured for each patient at admission (before) and discharge (after) from January 2021 to December 31, 2023.

Adverse Events (AE)

All adverse events complained of by the patient during the period of hospitalization.