Pilot Randomized Control Trial to Assess the Impact of Video Education on Postpartum Care Knowledge and Attendance Among Pregnant Individuals With Diabetes

Overview

Each year in the United States, about 700 people die from pregnancy-related causes. More than half of these deaths occur after delivery, during what is often called the "fourth trimester." Many of these deaths-up to 80%-are believed to be preventable. In the first week postpartum, the most common causes of death are heavy bleeding, high blood pressure, and infection. After the first week, heart problems such as cardiomyopathy are the leading causes of death. In addition to the risk of life-threatening complications, health issues like diabetes and high blood pressure during pregnancy can increase a person's risk of developing long-term conditions such as heart disease and type 2 diabetes. Despite the importance of postpartum care, up to 40% of individuals do not attend their postpartum check-up. Attendance is especially low among people who are younger, publicly insured, or from underserved communities. Among individuals with diabetes in pregnancy, postpartum care is critical to monitor blood sugar levels, assess for type 2 diabetes, manage complications, and ensure long-term follow-up with a primary care provider. However, many do not attend this visit or receive recommended screenings. Common reasons include feeling fine, time constraints, and a lack of understanding about the purpose of the visit. The study was conducted as a pilot randomized controlled trial at a tertiary care center among pregnant individuals with type 1, type 2, or gestational diabetes. Participants were randomly assigned to receive either usual care or to watch a 3-minute animated video during a prenatal visit. After enrolling, all participants completed a baseline survey using a secure platform (REDCap) assessing their knowledge about the postpartum period and care expectations. The video was available in English and Spanish and covered key information about what to expect after delivery, warning signs for complications, and why postpartum care is important. Immediately after viewing the video, participants in the intervention group repeated the knowledge-based questions to assess changes in their understanding. Investigators reviewed the electronic medical records to assess postpartum visit scheduling and attendance. This study is designed to determine whether a brief, accessible educational video can improve postpartum care engagement among individuals with diabetes in pregnancy. If effective, this type of video intervention could be implemented more widely to improve maternal health outcomes, particularly in high-risk populations.