PAPE Effect With Blood Flow Restriction and Push-Up Exercise (Post-Activation Performance Enhancement)

Istanbul University30 enrolled

Overview

This study aims to compare the acute effects of push-up exercises performed under different blood flow restriction (BFR) conditions on upper extremity explosive strength performance, measured via the seated unilateral medicine ball throw test.

The study includes three push-up conditions (BFR, sham BFR, and no BFR). Performance is evaluated via medicine ball throws at the 4th, 8th, and 12th minutes post-exercise. Exercises are applied in a crossover design with 50% limb occlusion pressure (LOP) BFR, sham, and control arms. Throw distance and ball velocity (measured by radar device) are primary outcomes. RPE scale is used to assess perceived exertion.

Study Type

INTERVENTIONAL

Allocation

RANDOMIZED

Purpose

BASIC_SCIENCE

Masking

SINGLE

Enrollment

Conditions

Blood Flow Restriction Exercise

Interventions

Sham blood flow restriction exerciseOTHER

a BFR cuff will be placed on the upper extremity in the same location as in the real BFR group. During the application, the participant will be led to believe that the cuff is being inflated, although no actual pressure will be applied. The participant will see the cuff being wrapped and apparently inflated, but there will be no physical pressure restricting circulation during the exercise. This aims to control the psychological effects (e.g., the belief that "something is being applied") on performance

Control groupOTHER

Participants perform push-up exercises without any cuff application. The same repetition and rest protocol is followed

Blood flow restriction exercise groupOTHER

Eligibility

Sex: ALLMin age: 18 YearsMax age: 25 YearsHealthy volunteers:

Medical Language ↔ Plain English

Inclusion Criteria: * Being between 18 and 25 years old * Being a volleyball player * Having trained regularly in the last 6 months * Ability to perform at least 5 repetitions of push-up with own body weight * Voluntarily agreeing to participate and signing the informed consent form Exclusion Criteria: * History of shoulder or upper extremity injury requiring physical therapy or surgery * History of venous thromboembolism * Hematological disorders * Coronary artery disease * Peripheral arterial disease * Hypertension (systolic/diastolic \> 140 mmHg/90 mmHg) * History or high risk of deep vein thrombosis * Blood clotting disorders * Poor circulation * Inadequate lymphatic system * History of endothelial dysfunction * Varicose veins * Peripheral vascular disease * Diabetes * Easy bruising * Active infection * Cancer * Renal failure * Pregnancy * Intolerance to intervention

Locations (1)

Istanbul Faculty of Medicine

Istanbul, Turkey (Türkiye)

Outcomes

Primary Outcomes

throw distance

Seated unilateral medicine ball throw distance (in cm) -

Time frame: will be measured immediately after the exercise protocol is completed three times at 4th, 8th, and 12th minutes

Secondary Outcomes

Ball velocity (km/h)

speed at which a ball travels immediately after being thrown

Time frame: will be measured by radar device after completion of the exercise three times at 4th, 8th, and 12th minutes

Rating of Perceived Exertion (RPE)

will be assessed via Borg Rating of Perceived Exertion Scale (6-20). Borg scale is used o quantify an individual's subjective perception of exercise intensity. It provides a numerical scale, typically ranging from 6 to 20. Higher scores on the scale indicate a greater subjective sense of difficulty or effort perceived by the individual.

Time frame: 1 day (will be assessed at the end of the push-up exercise)

Data from ClinicalTrials.gov

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