This prospective observational study aims to evaluate whether transthoracic echocardiographic parameters-Left Ventricular Outflow Tract Velocity-Time Integral (LVOT VTI), Mitral Annular Plane Systolic Excursion (MAPSE), Tricuspid Annular Plane Systolic Excursion (TAPSE), S' wave velocity, and E/e' ratio-can predict hemodynamic instability at the initiation of sustained low-efficiency daily dialysis (SVVHDF) in intensive care unit (ICU) patients. The study will include adult patients requiring SVVHDF, and echocardiographic measurements will be performed prior to dialysis. The primary outcome is the need for hemodynamic support (vasopressors/inotropes or fluid resuscitation) or development of hypotension within the first 60 minutes of dialysis. The study aims to identify which of these parameters best predict the need for hemodynamic intervention, with the goal of supporting individualized dialysis planning and safer fluid management in critically ill patients.
This prospective, single-center observational study is designed to investigate the predictive value of specific transthoracic echocardiographic (TTE) parameters in assessing the risk of hemodynamic instability during the initiation of sustained low-efficiency daily dialysis (SVVHDF) in critically ill patients. The primary focus is to determine whether measurements obtained immediately before dialysis-namely LVOT VTI, MAPSE, TAPSE, S', and E/e'-can identify patients at risk of hypotension or the need for hemodynamic support within the first hour of treatment. All echocardiographic assessments will be performed by certified intensive care specialists or cardiologists using standard parasternal and apical windows. The parameters to be evaluated include: LVOT VTI (Left Ventricular Outflow Tract Velocity-Time Integral): Measured via pulsed wave Doppler from the apical 5-chamber view, this value reflects stroke volume and overall cardiac output. A low LVOT VTI may indicate hypovolemia or decreased systolic function. MAPSE (Mitral Annular Plane Systolic Excursion): Obtained using M-mode in the apical 4-chamber view by measuring the displacement of the mitral annulus during systole. It is an index of longitudinal left ventricular systolic function; values \<10 mm may suggest early left ventricular dysfunction. TAPSE (Tricuspid Annular Plane Systolic Excursion): Also measured with M-mode in the apical 4-chamber view, TAPSE reflects right ventricular systolic function. Values \<17 mm are indicative of right ventricular dysfunction. S' (S Prime) Wave: Using tissue Doppler imaging (TDI) at the mitral and/or tricuspid annulus, this parameter evaluates longitudinal systolic myocardial velocity. Reduced S' values suggest impaired ventricular contractility. E/e' Ratio: Calculated from pulsed Doppler and TDI values, this ratio estimates left ventricular filling pressures. An E/e' \>15 is associated with elevated filling pressure, while \<8 suggests normal filling. Patients will be monitored for hemodynamic instability within the first 60 minutes following SVVHDF initiation. The primary hemodynamic outcomes include: Hypotension: Defined as a mean arterial pressure (MAP) \<65 mmHg or a ≥20% decrease in MAP compared to baseline values prior to dialysis initiation. Need for Vasopressor or Inotrope Support: Initiation of medications such as norepinephrine, dopamine, or dobutamine during the first hour of dialysis. Need for Additional Fluid Resuscitation: Defined as administration of ≥500 mL crystalloid or colloid solution within 60 minutes due to clinical signs of volume depletion. Clinical decisions related to dialysis and hemodynamic management will be made solely by the treating physicians, with study investigators collecting data in an observational capacity. All echocardiographic and hemodynamic data will be anonymized and stored securely for statistical analysis. This study aims to identify echocardiographic biomarkers that can improve the safety and personalization of dialysis management in ICU settings, with potential applications extending to chronic dialysis centers in the future.
Study Type
OBSERVATIONAL
Enrollment
40
Non-invasive transthoracic echocardiography will be performed prior to the initiation of continuous veno-venous hemodiafiltration (CVVHDF) in ICU patients. The evaluation includes measurements of LVOT VTI, MAPSE, TAPSE, S' wave velocity, and E/e' ratio to assess cardiac function and estimate the risk of hemodynamic instability. The procedure will be conducted at the bedside using standard parasternal and apical windows by trained intensive care physicians or cardiologists. No contrast, sedation, or invasive monitoring will be used.
Health Science University İstanbul Kanuni Sultan Süleyman Education and Training Hospital
Istanbul, Istanbul, Turkey (Türkiye)
Occurrence of Hemodynamic Instability Within the First 60 Minutes of CVVHDF and Its Association With Pre-Dialysis LVOT VTI
Hemodynamic instability will be recorded within the first 60 minutes after initiation of continuous veno-venous hemodiafiltration (CVVHDF). Instability is defined by the occurrence of any of the following: Mean arterial pressure (MAP) \< 65 mmHg, ≥30% decrease in MAP from pre-CVVHDF baseline, Initiation of vasopressors or inotropes, Administration of ≥500 mL of intravenous fluid bolus for resuscitation. Each patient's Left Ventricular Outflow Tract Velocity-Time Integral (LVOT VTI) will be measured by transthoracic echocardiography prior to CVVHDF initiation.
Time frame: Within the first 60 minutes of CVVHDF initiation
Association Between Pre-Dialysis MAPSE Values and Hemodynamic Instability Within the First 60 Minutes of CVVHDF
Mitral Annular Plane Systolic Excursion (MAPSE) will be measured using transthoracic echocardiography prior to the initiation of continuous veno-venous hemodiafiltration (CVVHDF). Hemodynamic instability will be defined as the occurrence of any of the following events within 60 minutes of CVVHDF initiation: Mean arterial pressure (MAP) \< 65 mmHg, ≥30% reduction in MAP from baseline, Need for vasopressors or inotropes, Requirement of ≥500 mL intravenous fluid bolus.
Time frame: Within the first 60 minutes of CVVHDF initiation
Association Between Pre-Dialysis TAPSE Values and Hemodynamic Instability Within the First 60 Minutes of CVVHDF
Tricuspid Annular Plane Systolic Excursion (TAPSE) will be measured using transthoracic echocardiography prior to the initiation of continuous veno-venous hemodiafiltration (CVVHDF). Hemodynamic instability will be recorded during the first 60 minutes after CVVHDF initiation and defined as the occurrence of any of the following: Mean arterial pressure (MAP) \< 65 mmHg, ≥30% reduction in MAP from baseline, Use of vasopressors or inotropes, Administration of ≥500 mL of intravenous fluid for resuscitation.
Time frame: Within the first 60 minutes of CVVHDF initiation
Association Between Pre-Dialysis S' Wave Velocity (cm/s) Measured by Tissue Doppler Imaging and Hemodynamic Instability During the First 60 Minutes of CVVHDF
Systolic S' wave velocity (in cm/s) will be measured by tissue Doppler imaging of the tricuspid annulus via transthoracic echocardiography prior to the initiation of continuous veno-venous hemodiafiltration (CVVHDF). Hemodynamic instability will be defined as any of the following occurring within the first 60 minutes of dialysis: Mean arterial pressure (MAP) \< 65 mmHg, ≥30% decrease in MAP from baseline, Requirement for vasopressors or inotropes, Administration of ≥500 mL intravenous fluid bolus.
Time frame: Within the first 60 minutes of CVVHDF initiation
Association Between Pre-Dialysis E/e' Ratio and Hemodynamic Instability Within the First 60 Minutes of CVVHDF
The E/e' ratio will be calculated using pulsed-wave Doppler (for mitral inflow E wave) and tissue Doppler imaging (for early diastolic mitral annular e' velocity) obtained via transthoracic echocardiography prior to initiation of continuous veno-venous hemodiafiltration (CVVHDF). Hemodynamic instability will be defined as the occurrence of any of the following within the first 60 minutes of CVVHDF: Mean arterial pressure (MAP) \< 65 mmHg, ≥30% decrease in MAP from baseline, Initiation of vasopressors or inotropes, Requirement for ≥500 mL intravenous fluid bolus.
Time frame: Within the first 60 minutes of CVVHDF initiation
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