The goal of this clinical trial is to to compare the effects of high (HIIWT) versus moderate-intensity interval walking training (MIIWT) on body composition, plasma volume variations (PVV), hematological parameters, muscle damage and aerobic capacity in overweight/obese postmenopausal women. The main question it aims to answer is:Does HIIWT and MIIWT improve kidney function markers in this population? Researchers will compare HIIWT to MIIWT and to non-training intervention(designed to control group) to see if the training program at different intensities work to improve kidney function markers. Participants in HIIWT group will: perform a 8-week HIIWT program, three sessions per week (5 repetitions of 6-min-walking-test (6MWT) at 90-110% of 6MWTdistance measured at baseline, interspersed by 6-min of active recovery between repetitions). Participants in MIIWT group will: perform a 8-week MIIWT program, three sessions per week (5 repetitions of 6-min-walking-test (6MWT) at 60-80% of 6MWTdistance measured at baseline, interspersed by 6-min of active recovery between repetitions). Participants in control group will : not perform any physical training and maintain their usual daily activities.
In obese postmenopausal women, hematological disturbances, reduced plasma volume, and elevated muscle damage biomarkers are associated with impaired oxygen delivery, reduced aerobic capacity, and increased risks of cardiovascular disease, sarcopenia, and functional decline. While responses to exercise are well documented in young healthy individuals, evidence in this high-risk population remains scarce. The purpose is to compare the effects of high (HIIWT) versus moderate-intensity interval walking training (MIIWT) on body composition, plasma volume variations (PVV), hematological parameters, muscle damage and aerobic capacity in overweight/obese postmenopausal women.Thirty-two overweight/obese postmenopausal women were randomly assigned to HIIWT (n = 11), MIIWT (n = 11), or control (CON, n = 10) groups. HIIWT and MIIWT groups performed intermittent walking at 90-110% and 60-80% of the 6-min-walking-test distance, respectively, 3 times/week for 8 weeks (60 min/session). Body composition, hematological and muscle damage markers, and 6 min walk test (6MWT) were assessed pre- and post-intervention. PVV was calculated after eight weeks under third conditions (HIIWT, MIIWT and CON).
Study Type
INTERVENTIONAL
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Purpose
PREVENTION
Masking
NONE
Enrollment
32
High intensity intermittent walking training for a period of 8 weeks. The intensity of the training is 90 to 110% of 6MWTdistance. The frequency of the training is three times a week
Moderate intensity intermittent walking training for a period of 8 weeks. The intensity of the training is 60 to 80% of 6MWTdistance. The frequency of the training is three times a week
High Institute of Sports and Physical Education of Kef
El Kef, Boulifa, Tunisia
Erythrocytes
Blood levels of erythrocytes were collected from a blood sample (5 ml) and analyzed using a multichannel automated hematology analyzer (XN450; Sysmex, Norderstedt, Germany).
Time frame: At baseline and at week 9 (after the eight weeks of the training intervention).
Hemoglobin
Blood levels of hemoglobin were collected from a blood sample (5 ml) and analyzed using a multichannel automated hematology analyzer (XN450; Sysmex, Norderstedt, Germany).
Time frame: At baseline and at week 9 (after the eight weeks of the training intervention).
Hematocrit
Blood levels of hematocrit were collected from a blood sample (5 ml) and analyzed using a multichannel automated hematology analyzer (XN450; Sysmex, Norderstedt, Germany).
Time frame: At baseline and at week 9 (after the eight weeks of the training intervention).
Mean corpuscular volume
Blood levels of mean corpuscular volume were collected from a blood sample (5 ml) and analyzed using a multichannel automated hematology analyzer (XN450; Sysmex, Norderstedt, Germany).
Time frame: At baseline and at week 9 (after the eight weeks of the training intervention).
Mean corpuscular hemoglobin content
Description: Blood levels of mean corpuscular hemoglobin content were collected from a blood sample (5 ml) and analyzed using a multichannel automated hematology analyzer (XN450; Sysmex, Norderstedt, Germany). Time Frame: At baseline and at week 9 (after the eight weeks of the training intervention)
Time frame: At baseline and at week 9(after the eight weeks of the training intervention)
Mean hemoglobin concentration
Blood levels of mean hemoglobin concentration were collected from a blood sample (5 ml) and analyzed using a multichannel automated hematology analyzer (XN450; Sysmex, Norderstedt, Germany).
Time frame: At baseline and at week 9 (after the eight weeks of the training intervention)
Creatine kinase
Serum concentrations of creatine kinase are measured from a blood sample (5 ml) using a Beckman Coulter AU480 Chemistry Analyzer (France).
Time frame: At baseline and at week 9 (after the eight weeks of the training intervention).
Lactate dehydrogenase
Serum concentrations of lactate dehydrogenase are measured from a blood sample (5 ml) using a Beckman Coulter AU480 Chemistry Analyzer (France).
Time frame: At baseline and at week 9 (after the eight weeks of the training intervention).
Plasma volume variations
Plasma volume variations (PVV) was calculated based on measured hematocrit (Ht) and hemoglobin (Hb) values according to the method developed by Dill and Fink (1974). %PVV=100 ×\[(Hb0/Hb1) ×(100 - Ht1) / (100 - Ht0)\] - 1, where 0 is the value measured before training program and 1 is the value measured after training program.
Time frame: Plasma volume variations (PVV) was calculated after eight weeks under third conditions (High intensity training, Moderate intensity training and No training intervention [control group] ).
Body weight
Body weight (kg) was recorded , with barefoot and lightly dressed subjects, using an electronic scale (Tanita BC-533, Tokyo, Japan).
Time frame: At baseline and after eight weeks of the training intervention.
Height
Height (m) was determined using a standard stadiometer (Holtain Ltd., UK).
Time frame: At baseline and at week 9 (after the eight weeks of the training intervention).
Body fat
Body fat (%) was recorded using an electronic scale (Tanita BC-533, Tokyo, Japan).
Time frame: At baseline and at week 9 (after the eight weeks of the training intervention).
Body mass index
Body mass index (kg/m²) was calculated as weight (kg) divided by height squared (m²).
Time frame: At baseline and at week 9 (after the eight weeks of the training intervention).
Waist circumference
Waist circumference (cm) was measured to the nearest 0.1 cm using a non-deformable anthropometric tape, placed horizontally at the midpoint between the inferior margin of the last palpable rib and the superior border of the iliac crest, with the participant standing upright and breathing normally.
Time frame: At baseline and at week 9 (after the eight weeks of the training intervention).
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