Effects of Transcranial Electrical Stimulation on Cognitive Impairment in CNS Inflammatory Demyelinating Diseases

Inclusion Criteria:、 1. Patients with Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disorders (NMOSD), Multiple Sclerosis (MS), and other Central Nervous System Inflammatory Demyelinating Diseases that meet diagnostic criteria; 2. Patients with SDMT scores \<55 or subjective cognitive decline; 3. Age between 18 and 65 years, gender unrestricted; 4. Hamilton Anxiety and Depression Scale scores \<7 points for both scales; 5. No relapse or medication changes in the past month; 6. EDSS (Expanded Disability Status Scale) score ≤6; 7. Right-handed, native Chinese speakers with sufficient educational background to understand the test instructions; 8. Willing to participate and have signed informed consent.- Exclusion Criteria: 1. Relapse record within the past month; 2. Medication adjustment within the past month or having undergone modified electroconvulsive therapy, transcranial magnetic stimulation, or other neuromodulation techniques; 3. Participating in any other clinical research within 1 month prior to enrollment or currently; 4. Presence of cochlear hearing aids, cardiac pacemakers, or implanted brain stimulation devices; 5. Skin integrity damage at electrode placement sites, or allergy to electrode gel or adhesives; 6. History of epilepsy, hydrocephalus, central nervous system tumors, brain injury, or intracranial infections; 7. Pregnant or lactating women, or those planning pregnancy in the near future; 8. Scoring ≥3 on item 3 (suicide item) of the HDRS-17 or concurrent severe mental illness; 9. Concurrent severe or unstable organic diseases; 10. Unable to cooperate with treatment, follow-up, or clinical, EEG, and imaging data collection due to poor patient compliance; 11. Other situations deemed inappropriate for study participation by the researchers.