Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation to Slow Down Cognitive Decline in Alzheimer's Disease

Magnetoencephalography (MEG): Spectral analysis

Power spectral density (µV²/Hz) computed for different frequency bands .

Time frame: from baseline to week 24 (post-treatment)

Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarkers

Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarkers are typically reported in picograms per milliliter (pg/mL). This applies to: Amyloid-beta (Aβ₁-₄₂): pg/mL Total tau (t-tau): pg/mL Phosphorylated tau (p-tau, e.g., p-tau181): pg/mL

Time frame: from baseline to week 24 (post-treatment)

Neuropsychological evaluation: Trail Making Test

Assesses visual attention, processing speed, and task switching. Unit: Seconds (completion time)

Time frame: from baseline to week 24 (post-treatment)

Amsterdam instrumental activities of daily living questionnaire (AmsterdamiADL);

The Amsterdam Instrumental Activities of Daily Living (A-IADL) Questionnaire is a validated tool that assesses cognitive functioning through everyday tasks, with scores ranging from approximately 20 (severe impairment) to 70 (no impairment).

Time frame: baseline to 3 month follow-up

Mini mental state examination (MMSE)

The mini-mental state examination (MMSE) test is a 30-point questionnaire that is used extensively in clinical and research settings to measure cognitive impairment. Higher is better.

Time frame: baseline to 3-month follow up.

Neuropsychiatric Inventory Questionnaire (NPI-Q)

The Neuropsychiatric Inventory Questionnaire (NPI-Q) is a brief, informant-based tool that assesses 12 neuropsychiatric symptoms in dementia, with total severity scores ranging from 0 to 36 and distress scores from 0 to 60.

Time frame: baseline to 3 month follow up

Quick Inventory of Depressive Symptomatology (QIDS)

The Quick Inventory of Depressive Symptomatology (QIDS) is a clinician-rated tool that measures the severity of depressive symptoms, with total scores ranging from 0 (no depression) to 27 (severe depression).

Time frame: baseline to 3-month follow up

Magnetoencephalography (MEG): Corrected Amplitude Envelope Correlation (AEC-c)

Correlation of the amplitude envelopes of band-pass filtered signals, corrected for signal leakage.

Time frame: From baseline to week 24 (post-treatment)

Magnetoencephalography (MEG): Phase Lag Index (PLI)

A measure of phase synchronization that is robust to volume conduction.

Time frame: baseline to week 24 (post-treatment)

Magnetoencephalography (MEG): Joint Permutation Entropy (JPE)

A nonlinear measure of signal complexity and diversity in joint time series.

Time frame: baseline to week 24 (post-treatment)

Neuropsychological evaluation: Verbal Fluency Test

Measures verbal production and executive functioning. Phonemic fluency (letters D, A, T) Unit: Number of words per 1 minute Semantic fluency (animals) Unit: Number of words per 1 minute

Time frame: baseline to week 24 (post-treatment)

Neuropsychological evaluation: Visual Association Test (VAT)

Detects signs of anterograde amnesia through object-pair associations. Unit: Number of correct associations (maximum score: 12)

Time frame: baseline to week 24 (post-treatment)

Neuropsychological evaluation: Stroop Color and Word Test

Evaluates cognitive flexibility, inhibition, and processing speed. Unit: Seconds (per condition), Errors (count)

Time frame: baseline to week 24 (post-treament)

Neuropsychological evaluation: WAIS-III Digit Span (Forward and Backward)

Assesses attention and verbal working memory. Unit: Span length (maximum correctly repeated digit sequences)

Time frame: baseline to week 24 (post-treatment)

Neuropsychological evaluation: Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test (RAVLT)

Evaluates verbal learning and declarative memory. Immediate recall (Trials I-V) Unit: Total number of words recalled Delayed recall Unit: Number of words recalled Recognition Unit: Number of correct recognitions

Time frame: baseling to week 24 (post-treatment)