Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is an autoimmune disease characterized by loss of Beta cells in the pancreas, thus exogenous insulin is the mainstay of the management of it. Currently insulin is taken either in fixed doses for meals or variable doses via carbohydrate counting method. Fixed insulin dosing regimen may result in hyperglycemia or hypoglycemia if the insulin dose was mismatched with the ingested meal. Carbohydrate counting method was found to be superior to the fixed dosing insulin regimen. However, literature search revealed that there is a tendency to underestimate the amount of carbohydrates in meals when carbohydrate counting method was used. To assist people with diabetes in making better decisions regarding their diabetes care, new technological tools were introduced. Among those tools a novel learning algorithm (LA) that was created to assist in optimizing carbohydrate ratio for patients with T1D on multiple daily injection (MDI) therapy. Therefore, in this study we aim to investigate the non-inferiority of simplified qualitative meal size estimation for insulin dosing compared to carbohydrate counting method through a mobile application that is designed with the purpose of alleviating the burden of carbohydrate counting for people with T1D on multiple daily injection regimen in a randomized controlled trial with cross-over design. Sub-Study: Due to the significant changes in participants' diets during the month of Ramadan, none of the two interventions will be conducted during the month of Ramadan (i.e., no intervention will start in the three months preceding the month of Ramadan). However, those participants who wish to fast may enroll in an exploratory sub-study during the month of Ramadan. The sub-study will be a two-arm, crossover study in which each participant will undergo two weeks of conventional therapy and two weeks of using the McGill iBolus mobile application to adjust their basal dose and carbohydrate ratio. The primary hypothesis of this exploratory sub-study that the McGill iBolus mobile application will improve glucose control, as measured by the percentage of time spent in target range (3.9-10 mmol/L), in patients with type 1 diabetes who fast during the month of Ramadan. Note that participants may opt to participate in this sub-study and not the main study, in which case they will not be counted towards the recruitment goal of the main study.
Study Type
INTERVENTIONAL
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Purpose
SUPPORTIVE_CARE
Masking
NONE
Enrollment
34
MDI+ FreeStyle Libre 2 +iBolus
MDI+FreeStyle Libre 2+ Carbcounting
Dasman Diabetes Institute
Kuwait City, Kuwait
Primary endpoint
Time spent in glucose target range 3.9-10 mmol/L (70-180 mg/dl)
Time frame: 12 month
Secondary endpoint
Time spent in glucose range will be measured in percentage. Between 3.9 and 7.8 mmol/L; below 3.9 mmol/L; below 3.3 mmol/L; below 2.8 mmol/L; above 7.8 mmol/L; above 10 mmol/L; above 13.9 mmol/L; above 16.7 mmol/L.
Time frame: 12 month
Secondary endpoint
HbA1c (%)
Time frame: 12 month
Secondary endpoint
Percentage of overnight time (23:00-7:00) of sensor glucose levels. Between 3.9 and 7.8 mmol/L; below 3.9 mmol/L; below 3.3 mmol/L; below 2.8 mmol/L; above 7.8 mmol/L; above 10 mmol/L; above 13.9 mmol/L; above 16.7 mmol/L.
Time frame: 12 month
Secondary endpoint
Percentage of daytime (7:00-23:00) of sensor glucose levels. Between 3.9 and 7.8 mmol/L; below 3.9 mmol/L; below 3.3 mmol/L; below 2.8 mmol/L; above 7.8 mmol/L; above 10 mmol/L; above 13.9 mmol/L; above 16.7 mmol/L.
Time frame: 12 month
Secondary endpoint
Standard deviation of glucose levels as a measure of glucose variability
Time frame: 12 month
Secondary endpoint
Total insulin delivery (Unit/day)
Time frame: 12 month
Secondary endpoint
Mean sensor glucose level during, the overall study period, daytime period, overnight period
Time frame: 12 month
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