This study focuses on the impact of lower extremity dysfunctions following stroke-such as muscle weakness, spasticity, and sensory impairments-on gait and fall risk. Post-stroke gait is typically slow, asymmetric, and functionally limited due to motor and sensory deficits. Spasticity, particularly in the lower limb muscles like the gastrocnemius, further complicates walking. Sensory issues, including reduced plantar sensation and joint position sense, also contribute to impaired mobility and balance. The study aims to examine the relationship between gait, plantar sensation, knee position sense, and spasticity, and how these factors influence fall risk in stroke patients. The aim of the study is to investigate the relationship between gait and plantar sensation, knee position sensation, and spasticity based on these results. Another aim is to determine the effects of plantar sensation, knee position sensation, and spasticity on fall risk. We previously hypothesized that there is a relationship between gait and spasticity, position sense, plantar sensation. This study further hypothesizes hypothesises that parameters associated with gait will influence the risk of falls in patients with stroke.
Study Type
OBSERVATIONAL
Enrollment
86
The cognitive function was assessed with the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MOCA). The total score ranges from 0 to 30, and scores of 21 and above indicate normal cognitive status
The Dynamic Gait Index (DGI) was assessed for gait. The maximum total score is 24, with a lower DGI score indicating greater impairment in functional mobility and gait
Spasticity was assessed using the Modified Ashworth Scale (MAS). In the MAS, muscles were recorded as 0, 1, 1, 1+, 2, 3, and 4 according to the resistance they gave to passive movement.
The position sense was measured using a dual digital inclinometer. The mean absolute error from three trials was recorded. As the mean absolute error increased, position sense deteriorated.
Plantar sensation was evaluated with the Semmes-Weinstein monofilament test (SWMT). The smallest monofilament value felt and correctly identified was recorded as the patient's threshold for light touch and pressure sensation. As the value increases, the underfloor sensation worsens.
Ankara Yıldırım Beyazıt University
Ankara, Eyalet/Yerleşke, Turkey (Türkiye)
Gait ability
The Dynamic Gait Index (DGI) was developed to assess functional stability during gait. The lower score indicating greater impairment in gait. According to the DGI score, the cutoff value for fall risk was 16.5.
Time frame: one hour
Spasticity
Spasticity was assessed using the MAS. As the MAS score increases, the severity of spasticity increases.
Time frame: One hour
Position sense
The knee position sense (60 degree) was measured using a dual digital inclinometer. An increase in the mean absolute error indicates that position sense is impaired.
Time frame: one hour
Plantar sense
Plantar sensation was evaluated with the monofilament test. As the monofilament value increases, sensation deteriorates.
Time frame: one hour
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