This study aims to evaluate the effects of virtual reality (VR) and eye mask (EM) applications on pain, anxiety, and physiological parameters during dressing after Coronary Artery Bypass Graft (CABG) surgery. Postoperative dressing procedures, especially after sternotomy, often cause significant pain and anxiety in patients. These issues can negatively impact recovery and increase the need for medication. Non-pharmacological interventions such as VR and EM may help reduce these symptoms. In this randomized controlled trial, 90 patients are divided into three groups: VR group, EM group, and a control group receiving standard care. Pain and anxiety levels are monitored baseline, immediately after, and 15 minutes after both the first and second dressing procedures. Physiological parameters are measured baseline, during, immediately after, and 15 minutes after both dressing procedures. Additionally, analgesic use is followed baseline and immediately after each dressing procedure. The study is conducted in a cardiovascular intensive care unit in Istanbul, Türkiye. It is expected that the findings will support the integration of VR and EM as effective, low-cost, and non-invasive options for postoperative care, improving patient comfort and healthcare quality.
This randomized controlled experimental study investigates the effects of virtual reality (VR) and eye mask (EM) applications on sternotomy pain, anxiety, and physiological parameters during postoperative dressing following Coronary Artery Bypass Graft (CABG) surgery.Pain and anxiety during dressing procedures after CABG surgery can negatively affect the recovery process, increase stress responses, prolong hospital stays, and raise the need for medication. Non-pharmacological interventions such as VR and EM are considered effective strategies for managing these symptoms. The study includes 90 patients, randomly assigned to one of three groups: VR Group: Patients watched 360-degree nature-themed videos using a virtual reality headset during dressing. EM Group: Patients wore an eye mask during dressing. Control Group: Patients received standard care without any additional intervention. The study is being conducted in the Cardiovascular Surgery Intensive Care Unit of a public hospital located in Istanbul, Türkiye. Inclusion criteria include adult patients undergoing CABG for the first time, ASA classification I-II-III, fully conscious, oriented, cooperative, and willing to provide informed consent. Exclusion criteria include patients with infections or complications, psychiatric disorders, or sensory impairments such as hearing or vision problems. Pain and anxiety levels are assessed at three time points during both the first and second dressing procedures: baseline, immediately after dressing, and 15 minutes after dressing. Physiological parameters (blood pressure, pulse rate, respiratory rate, oxygen saturation) are measured at four time points: baseline, immediately after dressing, and 15 minutes after dressing. Analgesic use is recorded baseline and immediately after each dressing. This study is one of the first to compare VR and EM interventions in the context of high-risk, postoperative cardiac surgery. The results are expected to contribute to evidence-based nursing practices, improve patient comfort in the postoperative period, and support the use of cost-effective, drug-free alternatives for pain and anxiety management in clinical care.
Study Type
INTERVENTIONAL
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Purpose
SUPPORTIVE_CARE
Masking
NONE
Enrollment
90
During the dressing change, nature-themed videos will be shown through a virtual reality headset that immerses the user in a 360-degree, three-dimensional virtual environment.
A soft, adjustable, 3D-structured eye mask (Poblex brand) will be applied during the dressing procedure.
Prof. Dr. Cemil Taşçıoğlu City Hospital
Istanbul, Marmara, Turkey (Türkiye)
RECRUITINGVisual Analog Scale (VAS)
Pain intensity will be measured using the Visual Analog Scale (VAS) at three time points: before, immediately after, and 15 minutes after both the first and second sternotomy dressing procedures.
Time frame: Baseline, immediately after, and 15 minutes after first and second dressing
State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI-II)
State anxiety levels (STAI-I) will be measured before, immediately after, and 15 minutes after both the first and second dressing procedures. Trait anxiety (STAI-II) will be measured only once, before surgery.
Time frame: Baseline, immediately after, and 15 minutes after first and second dressing
Physiological Parameters (Blood pressure)
Blood pressure will be monitored using a monitor device.
Time frame: Baseline, during, immediately after, and 15 minutes after first and second dressing
Physiological Parameters (Pulse)
Pulse will be monitored using a monitoring device.
Time frame: Baseline, during, immediately after, and 15 minutes after first and second dressing
Physiological Parameters (SpO₂)
Saturation values will be monitored using a monitoring device.
Time frame: Baseline, during, immediately after, and 15 minutes after first and second dressing
Physiological Parameters (Respiratory rate )
Respiratory rate will be monitored using a monitoring device.
Time frame: Baseline, during, immediately after, and 15 minutes after first and second dressing
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