The goal of this observational study is to explore the experience of the chronic disease, with a particular focus on self-care, in adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus. The main questions it aims to answer are: * what is the association between self-care and glycated hemoglobin over time? * what are participants' clinical and sociodemographic characteristics influencing self-care behaviors? Participants' socio-demographic and clinical data will be collected by medical records and, at the beginning or at the end of the clinical standard outpatient visit, they will be asked to complete study questionnaires. The results of this study could be helpful in providing quality assistance, improving resource consumption, and reducing the onset of complications.
Study Type
OBSERVATIONAL
Enrollment
300
IRCCS Policlinico San Donato
San Donato Milanese, Milan, Italy
Fondazione IRCCS San Gerardo dei Tintori
Monza, Monza Brianza, Italy
RECRUITINGSelf-care in diabetes [1]
The Self-Care of Diabetes Inventory (SCODI) is the self-report tool used to measure self-care dimensions: self-care maintenance, self-care monitoring, and self-care management.The self-care maintenance scale measures adherence to main diabetes treatments (i.e. medication, diet exercise). The self-care monitoring scale includes body listening behaviours, such as blood glucose or blood pressure monitoring and symptom recognition behaviours. The self-care management scale includes those behaviours performed by patients to manage symptoms, high or low blood glucose levels, and health problems when they occur. Furthermore, the SCODI allows to measure self-care confidence that is the degree of confidence a patient has in her/his ability to perform adequate self-care. A 5-points Likert type scale measures every item of the SCODI. All the SCODI scales provide a 0-100 standardized score where higher scores mean better self-care.
Time frame: The SCODI will be administered at the following time point: T0 - Baseline.
Self-care in diabetes [2]
The Self-Care of Diabetes Inventory (SCODI) is the self-report tool used to measure self-care dimensions: self-care maintenance, self-care monitoring, and self-care management.The self-care maintenance scale measures adherence to main diabetes treatments (i.e. medication, diet exercise). The self-care monitoring scale includes body listening behaviours, such as blood glucose or blood pressure monitoring and symptom recognition behaviours. The self-care management scale includes those behaviours performed by patients to manage symptoms, high or low blood glucose levels, and health problems when they occur. Furthermore, the SCODI allows to measure self-care confidence that is the degree of confidence a patient has in her/his ability to perform adequate self-care. A 5-points Likert type scale measures every item of the SCODI. All the SCODI scales provide a 0-100 standardized score where higher scores mean better self-care.
Time frame: The SCODI will be administered by telephone at the following time point: T0.5 - Month 6 ± 28 days
Self-care in diabetes [3]
The Self-Care of Diabetes Inventory (SCODI) is the self-report tool used to measure self-care dimensions: self-care maintenance, self-care monitoring, and self-care management.The self-care maintenance scale measures adherence to main diabetes treatments (i.e. medication, diet exercise). The self-care monitoring scale includes body listening behaviours, such as blood glucose or blood pressure monitoring and symptom recognition behaviours. The self-care management scale includes those behaviours performed by patients to manage symptoms, high or low blood glucose levels, and health problems when they occur. Furthermore, the SCODI allows to measure self-care confidence that is the degree of confidence a patient has in her/his ability to perform adequate self-care. A 5-points Likert type scale measures every item of the SCODI. All the SCODI scales provide a 0-100 standardized score where higher scores mean better self-care.
Time frame: The SCODI will be administered by telephone at the following time point: T1 - Month 12 ± 28 days.
Self-care in diabetes [4]
The Self-Care of Diabetes Inventory (SCODI) is the self-report tool used to measure self-care dimensions: self-care maintenance, self-care monitoring, and self-care management.The self-care maintenance scale measures adherence to main diabetes treatments (i.e. medication, diet exercise). The self-care monitoring scale includes body listening behaviours, such as blood glucose or blood pressure monitoring and symptom recognition behaviours. The self-care management scale includes those behaviours performed by patients to manage symptoms, high or low blood glucose levels, and health problems when they occur. Furthermore, the SCODI allows to measure self-care confidence that is the degree of confidence a patient has in her/his ability to perform adequate self-care. A 5-points Likert type scale measures every item of the SCODI. All the SCODI scales provide a 0-100 standardized score where higher scores mean better self-care.
Time frame: The SCODI will be administered by telephone at the following time point: T1.5 - Month 18 ± 28 days.
Self-care in diabetes [5]
The Self-Care of Diabetes Inventory (SCODI) is the self-report tool used to measure self-care dimensions: self-care maintenance, self-care monitoring, and self-care management.The self-care maintenance scale measures adherence to main diabetes treatments (i.e. medication, diet exercise). The self-care monitoring scale includes body listening behaviours, such as blood glucose or blood pressure monitoring and symptom recognition behaviours. The self-care management scale includes those behaviours performed by patients to manage symptoms, high or low blood glucose levels, and health problems when they occur. Furthermore, the SCODI allows to measure self-care confidence that is the degree of confidence a patient has in her/his ability to perform adequate self-care. A 5-points Likert type scale measures every item of the SCODI. All the SCODI scales provide a 0-100 standardized score where higher scores mean better self-care.
Time frame: The SCODI will be administered by telephone at the following time point: T2 - Month 24 ± 28 days.
Glycated Hemoglobin (HbA1c) [1]
Blood glycated hemoglobin measured in both mmol/mol and % was used as an index of patients' glycemic control.
Time frame: The HbA1c blood level will be collected from medical records at the following time point: T0 - Baseline.
Glycated Hemoglobin (HbA1c) [2]
Blood glycated hemoglobin measured in both mmol/mol and % was used as an index of patients' glycemic control.
Time frame: The HbA1c blood level will be collected from medical records at the following time point: T1 - Month 12± 28 days.
Glycated Hemoglobin (HbA1c) [3]
Blood glycated hemoglobin measured in both mmol/mol and % was used as an index of patients' glycemic control.
Time frame: The HbA1c blood level will be collected from medical records at the following time point: T2 - Month 24 ± 28 days.
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