The Effect of Escape Room-Based Bladder Catheterization Training on Nursing Students' Academic Achievement, Problem-Solving Skills, and Motivation: A Mixed-Methods Study

Academic Achievement

Academic achievement will be measured using a researcher-developed theoretical and practical knowledge test on bladder catheterization. The test includes multiple-choice and skill-based items aligned with clinical guidelines. Higher scores indicate greater knowledge and procedural competence.

Time frame: At Baseline, immediately after the intervention

Problem-Solving Ability

Problem-solving skills will be assessed using the Problem Solving Inventory (Heppner \& Petersen). This validated scale measures students' perceptions of their problem-solving ability. Higher scores indicate lower perceived problem-solving ability (reverse scoring will be considered in interpretation).

Time frame: At Baseline, immediately after the intervention

Motivation Level

Students' motivation will be measured using the Motivation Scale for Game-Based Learning Strategies, originally developed by Manzano-León et al. (2021) and adapted into Turkish by Küçükibiş and Eskiler (2022). The scale evaluates students' motivation across various dimensions related to game-based learning environments using Likert-type items. A higher total score indicates a higher level of motivation toward learning through gamification.

Time frame: At Baseline, immediately after the intervention