This study aims to compare hormone levels and milk composition in women with and without gestational diabetes through postpartum human milk and blood samples.
Pregnant women with GDM who received medical nutrition therapy and healthy controls were evaluated on postpartum days 14 and 30. Human milk and blood samples, as well as 3-day food consumption records, were collected. Levels of insulin, adiponectin, leptin, ghrelin, chemerin, and dermcidin in blood and milk were measured and compared with macronutrient contents of milk.
Study Type
OBSERVATIONAL
Enrollment
40
Pregnant women with GDM received individualized nutrition therapy during pregnancy. No intervention was applied to the control group.
Marmara University
Maltepe, Istanbul, Turkey (Türkiye)
Serum hormone levels
Measurement of insulin, adiponectin, leptin, ghrelin, chemerin, and dermcidin levels using ELISA in maternal blood serum
Time frame: Postpartum day 14 and 30
Human milk hormone levels
Measurement of insulin, adiponectin, leptin, ghrelin, chemerin, and dermcidin levels using ELISA in human milk samples
Time frame: Postpartum day 14 and 30
Human milk energy and macronutrient content
Analysis of energy, protein, fat, and lactose content in milk
Time frame: Postpartum day 14 and 30
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