Pre-emptive Analgesia Using Nebulized Ketamine Versus Nebulized Dexmedetomidine in Endoscopic Nasal Surgeries

Inclusion Criteria: * patients between the ages of 20 and 60, * both sexes, * American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status I to II * BMI ≥18≤30 kg/m² Exclusion Criteria: * Patient refusal. * patients with advanced respiratory, renal, hepatic, neurological, or psychiatric disease, pregnant or nursing women. * patients with a history of allergies to any study drugs. * patients who had used central nervous system depressants or analgesics within the previous 24 hours. * patients with hypertension, hypotension, or bradycardia.