SFIB vs PENG Block in the Anesthesia for Total Hip Replacement

Overview

Total hip replacement is one of the most common orthopedic operations. According to statistical studies, more than 1 million of such surgical interventions are performed annually in the world. The average age of primary hip replacement surgery is 69 y.o. Modern approaches of control of general anesthesia allow safe performance of different surgical interventions under general anesthesia. However, general anesthesia does not have an effective and long-lasting effect on relieving operational stress compared to neuraxial anesthesia. To achieve a similar effect, it is necessary to adhere to the principle of multimodality of anesthesia, and the most promising method is a combination of general and regional anesthesia. peripheral blocks are described in the literature, aimed at analgesia directly in the hip joint area, and effectively used in orthopedics. Most blocks are currently performed under ultrasound control, the risk of nerve damage and accidental intravascular administration of local anesthetics is potentially reduced. It was established that the use of ultrasound guidance reduces the number of attempts and the amount of anesthetic administered, as well as reduces the time required to perform a block. Another predicted effect is a reduction in the doses of opioids and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), which can cause gastrointestinal bleeding and have a nephrotoxic effect, and can also depress breathing. It should be noted that patients over 65 y.o., have the highest risks of these side effects. This study aims to compare the effectiveness and safety of SFIB and PENG block in hip replacement, as well as evaluation of the effectiveness of combined anesthesia in comparison with general anesthesia without the use of peripheral blocks.

Patients will be randomized into three groups group: Group 1: General anesthesia with SFIB In this group, under the ultrasound control, a local anesthetic will be injected into the interfacial space of the iliac muscle, in the area of the passage of the deep artery that surrounds the ilium. The block will be performed over the inguinal fold medial to the upper anterior iliac spine. After ultrasound identification of the needle's location in the interfacial space, 40 ml of a 0.5% solution of Ropivacaine will be administered. Group 2: General anesthesia with PENG block The block is performed using ultrasound navigation. After identifying the ileo-lumbar tendon, 40 ml of 0.5% Ropivacaine solution is injected under it. Ropivacaine spreads through the hip joint capsule and blocks small sensitive branches of the femoral and obturator nerves. Group 3: Control group with general inhalation anesthesia The control group will undergo general inhalation anesthesia with bolus intraoperative administration of Fentanyl before particularly traumatic stages. For postoperative pain relief, the patient will have the opportunity to use a fentanyl bolus according to the patient-controled analgesia protocol. The following parameters will be evaluated * Hemodynamic parameters in the intraoperative period * Intraoperative monitoring of basal metabolic rate using indirect calorimetry * Monitoring of glucose levels during the most traumatic stages of surgery * Recording the total dose of opioid analgesics in the perioperative period * Degree of postoperative pain and analgesic therapy administered * Block execution time * Complications of conducting anesthesia * Degree of patient satisfaction with anesthesia