Effects of Range of Motion, Balance and Muscle Strength in Knee Osteoarthritis

Overview

Knee osteoarthritis (OA) is a chronic and progressive joint disease characterized by the degeneration of articular cartilage, subchondral bone sclerosis, and the formation of osteophytes. This condition leads to joint pain and stiffness, negatively affecting individuals' quality of life. Joint stiffness, decreased quadriceps strength, and impaired proprioceptive sensation result in functional limitations. Due to these symptoms, individuals experience difficulties in performing daily activities such as rising from a chair, walking, and climbing stairs. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effects of joint range of motion, balance, and muscle strength on functional capacity in patients with knee osteoarthritis.

In knee OA, structural changes in the cartilage and the formation of peripheral osteophytes contribute to joint stiffness and a reduction in the range of motion, which adversely affects physical function, particularly in older adults. Activities such as stair climbing, sitting and standing, and walking require the contribution of core muscles as well as lower extremity muscles, particularly the knee extensors. In knee OA, there is a reported decrease in lower extremity muscle strength, especially in the quadriceps femoris muscle, which further impairs functional activities in the advanced stages of the disease. Arthritic damage to joint mechanoreceptors in osteoarthritis leads to a decline in motor control and proprioceptive sensitivity. These sensorimotor deficits result in decreased stability and impaired balance function. Additionally, reduced muscle strength can hinder neuromuscular control, leading to postural instability and an increased risk of falls, especially in older patients. Identifying the factors that contribute to the decline in functional capacity is crucial for planning appropriate exercise programs. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effects of joint range of motion, balance, and muscle strength on functional capacity in patients with knee osteoarthritis.

Conditions