The aim of this study is to evaluate the accuracy of blinded invasive interventions (dry needling) on the deep paraspinal muscles of the lumbar region (iliocostalis lumborum, longissimus thoracis, and multifidus) to reach the anatomical target. The accuracy of the interventions will be evaluated observationally with ultrasonography after the procedure.
\*Method:\* * All interventions will be performed by a physical medicine and rehabilitation specialist with clinical experience. * After each intervention, the needle tip position will be evaluated by a second specialist with \*high-resolution linear probe ultrasound\*. * Targeted muscles: * \*Iliocostalis lumborum (ICL)\* * \*Longissimus thoracis (LT)\* * \*Multifidus (M)\* * Interventions will be performed from the right side, between the L2-L5 levels. * A total of \*three different dry needling applications\* will be performed for these three muscles for each participant. * When a total of \*20 participants\* is planned, \*60 injection attempts\* will be analyzed. * Will be used only for post-hoc observational validation purposes. * No pharmacological agent will be administered during the intervention, only dry needling will be performed.
Study Type
INTERVENTIONAL
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Purpose
DIAGNOSTIC
Masking
NONE
Enrollment
20
* All interventions will be performed by a physical medicine and rehabilitation specialist with clinical experience. * Targeted muscles: * \*Iliocostalis lumborum (ICL)\* * \*Longissimus thoracis (LT)\* * \*Multifidus (M)\* * Interventions will be performed from the right side, between the L2-L5 levels. * A total of \*three different dry needling applications\* will be performed for these three muscles for each participant.
\*All interventions will be performed by a physical medicine and rehabilitation specialist with clinical experience. \* Targeted muscles: \* \*Iliocostalis lumborum (ICL)\* \* \*Longissimus thoracis (LT)\* \* \*Multifidus (M)\* \* Interventions will be performed from the right side, between the L2-L5 levels. \* A total of \*three different dry needling applications\* will be performed for these three muscles for each participant. After each intervention, the needle tip position will be evaluated by a second specialist with \*high-resolution linear probe ultrasound\*.
"Anatomical Accuracy of Blind Dry Needling Procedures on the Lumbar Paraspinal Muscles: An Ultrasonography-Assisted Observational Study"
Correct placement rates will be calculated for each muscle. The agreement between the ultrasound and verification results of the blinded applications will be evaluated with Kappa statistics. Chi-square test or McNemar test will be used for differences between muscles.
Time frame: 2 week
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