Resources for Optimizing Outcomes in Toddlers on the Spectrum

Caregiver Well-Being Score

Scores on the General Well-Being Schedule will be used to measure caregiver well-being. Total scores range from 0-110. Higher scores are indicative of more positive well-being. There are 3 proposed scoring cut-points: 0-60 reflects "severe distress", 61-72 reflects "moderate distress", and 73-110 reflects "positive well-being). The investigators will compare means and standard deviations between groups.

Time frame: 6 months post diagnosis

Change in Raw Scores on Visual Reception domain of the MSEL

This outcome will assess individual-level change in raw scores on the Mullen Scales of Early Learning (MSEL), Visual Reception domain. Raw scores will ne used instead of standard scores to detect meaningful change within-subject change. Standard scores in this population are known to exhibit floor effects in this population, which can obscure meaningful gains. Raw scores will be analyzed as continuous variables. The investigators will report change scores (follow-up minus baseline), individual trajectories, and summary statistics (mean, SD). Where appropriate, linear mixed-effects models or other growth modeling approaches will be used to account for within-subject variability. Higher scores on the MSEL indicate greater developmental progress. Raw scores on the Visual Reception domain range from 0-50.

Time frame: Baseline and 18 months post diagnosis

Change in Raw Scores on Expressive Language domain of the MSEL

This outcome will assess individual-level change in raw scores on the Mullen Scales of Early Learning (MSEL), Expressive Language domain. Raw scores will be used instead of standard scores to detect meaningful change within-subject change. Standard scores in this population are known to exhibit floor effects in this population, which can obscure meaningful gains. Raw scores will be analyzed as continuous variables. The investigators will report change scores (follow-up minus baseline), individual trajectories, and summary statistics (mean, SD). Where appropriate, linear mixed-effects models or other growth modeling approaches will be used to account for within-subject variability. Higher scores on the MSEL indicate greater developmental progress. Raw scores on the Expressive Language domain range from 0 - 50.

Time frame: Baseline and 18 months post diagnosis

Change in Raw Scores on Receptive Language domain of the MSEL

This outcome will assess individual-level change in raw scores on the Mullen Scales of Early Learning (MSEL), Receptive Language domain. Raw scores will be used instead of standard scores to detect meaningful change within-subject change. Standard scores in this population are known to exhibit floor effects in this population, which can obscure meaningful gains. Raw scores will be analyzed as continuous variables. The investigators will report change scores (follow-up minus baseline), individual trajectories, and summary statistics (mean, SD). Where appropriate, linear mixed-effects models or other growth modeling approaches will be used to account for within-subject variability. Higher scores on the MSEL indicate greater developmental progress. Raw scores on the Receptive Language domain range from 0 - 48.

Time frame: Baseline and 18 months post diagnosis

Change in Raw Scores on Fine Motor domain of the MSEL

This outcome will assess individual-level change in raw scores on the Mullen Scales of Early Learning (MSEL), Fine Motor domain. Raw scores will be used instead of standard scores to detect meaningful change within-subject change. Standard scores in this population are known to exhibit floor effects in this population, which can obscure meaningful gains. Raw scores will be analyzed as continuous variables. The investigators will report change scores (follow-up minus baseline), individual trajectories, and summary statistics (mean, SD). Where appropriate, linear mixed-effects models or other growth modeling approaches will be used to account for within-subject variability. Higher scores on the MSEL indicate greater developmental progress. Raw scores on the Visual Reception domain range from 0 - 49.

Time frame: Baseline and 18 months post diagnosis

Change in Raw Scores on ABAS-3 Conceptual, Social and Practical Domains

This outcome will assess change in raw scores for each of the three adaptive domains (Conceptual, Social and Practical) from the Adaptive Behavior Assessment System, Third Edition (ABAS-3). Raw scores offer greater sensitivity for detecting within-subject developmental changes over time. Each domain will be analyzed separately as a continuous variable. Where applicable, domain raw scores will also be summed to provide an exploratory composite. Higher scores indicate greater adaptive skill development. Conceptual domain raw score range: 0-222 Social domain raw score range: 0 - 144 Practical domain raw score range: 0-279

Time frame: Baseline and 18 months post diagnosis