This randomized controlled trial aimed to evaluate the effects of virtual reality (VR) glasses and the use of a stress ball on anxiety, pain, and satisfaction levels in patients undergoing coronary angiography. Participants were randomly assigned to three groups: one group received both VR and stress ball interventions during the procedure, while the control group received standard care. Anxiety, pain, and satisfaction levels were assessed and compared across the three groups at the conclusion of the procedure. The study seeks to contribute to evidence on non-pharmacological methods to improve patient comfort during invasive cardiac procedures.
This randomized controlled trial aimed to evaluate the effects of virtual reality (VR) glasses and the use of a stress ball on anxiety, pain, and satisfaction levels in patients undergoing coronary angiography. Participants were randomly assigned to three groups: one group received both VR and stress ball interventions during the procedure, while the control group received standard care. Anxiety, pain, and satisfaction levels were assessed and compared across the three groups at the conclusion of the procedure. The study seeks to contribute to evidence on non-pharmacological methods to improve patient comfort during invasive cardiac procedures.
Study Type
INTERVENTIONAL
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Purpose
SUPPORTIVE_CARE
Masking
NONE
Enrollment
105
articipants in the VR group used virtual reality glasses during coronary angiography to reduce anxiety and pain and improve satisfaction.
articipants in the stress ball group used a stress ball during coronary angiography to evaluate its effects on anxiety, pain, and satisfaction.
Istanbul Sabattin Zaim Üniversitesi
Istanbul, Turkey (Türkiye)
Change in State Anxiety Inventory (SAI) Scores
the study will measure changes in situational anxiety levels of patients undergoing coronary angiography, using the State Anxiety Inventory (SAI) before and after the procedure with virtual reality glasses and stress balls. The SAI consists of 20 items rated on a 4-point Likert scale, with total scores ranging from 20 to 80; higher scores indicate higher anxiety.
Time frame: Before and immediately after coronary angiography procedure
Change in Anxiety Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) Scores
Patients' anxiety levels will be assessed before and after coronary angiography using a 10 cm Visual Analogue Scale (VAS), where 0 indicates no anxiety and 10 indicates extreme anxiety.
Time frame: Before and immediately after coronary angiography procedure
Change in Pain Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) Scores
Patients' pain levels will be evaluated before and after coronary angiography using a 10 cm Visual Analogue Scale (VAS), where 0 means no pain and 10 indicates worst possible pain.
Time frame: Before and immediately after coronary angiography procedure
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