Yoga as Mindful Movement: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Movement Assessment Battery for Children, Second Edition

The Movement Assessment Battery for Children, Second Edition measures children's motor performance in physical tasks (e.g., threading beads, catching a ball, walking heel-to-toe) through direct observation. Quantifiable criteria (e.g., task completion time, number of successful attempts, number of errors) is measured.

Time frame: From pre-enrollment (2 weeks before 8-week intervention) to post-enrollment (2 weeks after intervention's conclusion).

Devereux Student Strengths Assessment-Mini

This questionnaire asks assessors (classroom instructional staff) to rate how often a student displays certain behaviors (e.g., taking an active role in learning, making a suggestion or request in a polite way) in the past four weeks that correspond to social-emotional, cognitive, and interpersonal skills. Behaviors are rated on a 5-point Likert scale ranging from 0 (Never) to 4 (Very Frequently). A higher score indicates more social-emotional competence.

Time frame: From pre-enrollment (2 weeks before 8-week intervention) to post-enrollment (2 weeks after intervention's conclusion).

Child Behavior Rating Scale

The Child Behavior Rating Scale asks classroom instructional staff to indicate how often each student exhibits certain behaviors (e.g., returning to an unfinished task after interruption, attempting new challenging tasks) over the past week. This was completed using a 5-point Likert scale ranging from 1 (Never) to 5 (Always), with a higher score indicating positive behavior.

Time frame: From pre-enrollment (2 weeks before 8-week intervention) to post-enrollment (2 weeks after intervention's conclusion).

Head-Toes-Knees-Shoulders-Revised (HTKS-R) modified for Neurodiverse Learners (HTNL)

Time frame: From pre-enrollment (2 weeks before 8-week intervention) to post-enrollment (2 weeks after intervention's conclusion).