Forward head posture (FHP) is defined as the position in which the head is in front of the shoulder and is one of the most common musculoskeletal problems caused by increasing computer and smartphone use. This study aims to compare spinal alignment, pulmonary function, and respiratory muscle strength between individuals with and without FHP.
Study Type
OBSERVATIONAL
Enrollment
100
Nigde Omer Halisdemir University
Niğde, Niğde Province, Turkey (Türkiye)
Pulmonary Function Tests- FEV1/FVC
The person will be asked to take a few normal breaths followed by as deep a breath as possible and instructed to exhale forcefully and quickly without waiting. The test will be terminated by instructing the participant to take a deep breath after exhaling for at least six seconds.
Time frame: baseline
Pulmonary Function Tests- FVC
The person will be asked to take a few normal breaths, then take as deep a breath as possible, and then exhale forcefully and quickly without waiting. The test will be terminated by instructing the participant to take a deep breath after exhaling for at least six seconds.
Time frame: baseline
Pulmonary Function Tests- FEV1
The person will be asked to take a few normal breaths, then take as deep a breath as possible, and then exhale forcefully and quickly without waiting. The test will be terminated by instructing the participant to take a deep breath after exhaling for at least six seconds.
Time frame: baseline
Pulmonary Function Tests- PEF
The person will be asked to take a few normal breaths, then take as deep a breath as possible, and then exhale forcefully and quickly without waiting. The test will be terminated by instructing the participant to take a deep breath after exhaling for at least six seconds.
Time frame: Baseline
Respiratory Muscle Strength- MIP
For the MIP assessment, participants were instructed to perform a rapid and forceful inspiration following a maximal expiration. Each maneuver was sustained for at least 2-3 seconds.
Time frame: Baseline
Respiratory Muscle Strength- MEP
For MEP assessment, they were asked to exhale rapidly and forcefully following maximal inspiration. Each maneuver was sustained for at least 2-3 seconds.
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Time frame: Baseline
Posture- Sagittal head angle
The Sagittal head angle is defined as the angle formed between a line passing through the canthus and the tragus and a horizontal line.
Time frame: Baseline
Posture-Craniovertebral angle
Craniovertebral angle is defined as the angle formed by the intersection of a line connecting the spinous process of C7 to the tragus of the ear and a horizontal line.
Time frame: baseline
Posture- Sagittal shoulder angle
Sagittal shoulder angle is the angle formed between a horizontal line passing through the midpoint of the humerus and a line connecting the midpoint of the humerus to the spinous process of C7
Time frame: Baseline
Posture- Kyphosis
Thoracic kyphosis angle was determined by measuring the angles between the spinous processes of the 1st-2nd Thoracic (T1-T2) vertebrae and the 12th Thoracic-1st Lumbar (T12-L1) vertebrae using the inclinometer.
Time frame: Baseline
Posture- Lordosis
Lumbar lordosis angle was determined by measuring the angles between the spinous processes of the T12-L1 and 2nd-3rd Sacral (S2-S3) vertebrae.
Time frame: Baseline