The Effect of the Mandala Method in Reduction of Psychological Distress During Anogenital Examination of Sexually Abused Children Aged 9-12

Istanbul University - Cerrahpasa68 enrolled

Overview

The goal of this study is evaluating the effectiveness of a mandala-coloring intervention in reducing psychological distress (fear, state anxiety, and related physiological indicators) during anogenital examinations among sexually abused children aged 9-12.

Study Type

INTERVENTIONAL

Allocation

RANDOMIZED

Purpose

SUPPORTIVE_CARE

Masking

NONE

Enrollment

Conditions

Anxiety Sexual Abuse of Child (If Focus of Attention is on Victim)Fear and Anxiety

Interventions

Mandala coloring activityBEHAVIORAL

This technique is a creative art-based relaxation method that aims to reduce children's anxiety and fear levels. The application was carried out to make children feel psychologically safer and calmer before the examination. The selected mandala forms were created in accordance with the attention span, motor skill capacity and visual perception development of children between the ages of 9 and 12 by choosing simple but symbolic structures with moderate level of detail.

Eligibility

Sex: ALLMin age: 9 YearsMax age: 12 Years

Medical Language ↔ Plain English

Inclusion Criteria: * Coming to anogenital examination for the first time, * The child and parents have native Turkish language skills and the ability to read and write. Exclusion Criteria: * Sensory loss at a level that prevents communication with the child, * Intelligence quotient (IQ) of 55 and below in the records, * Has a mental or neurological disability that prevents communication.

Locations (1)

Istanbul Basaksehir Cam and Sakura City Hospital Child Advocacy Center

Istanbul, Basaksehir, Turkey (Türkiye)

Outcomes

Primary Outcomes

Findings on Anxiety Level

State Anxiety Inventory for Children used in this study. It was developed by Spielberger to measure state and trait anxiety levels of children aged 9-12 years. Its adaptation into Turkish, validity and reliability study was conducted by Özusta (1993). It consists of two subscales, "state anxiety" and "trait anxiety", each consisting of 20 items. State anxiety subscale: Measures how the child feels "at that moment". Trait anxiety subscale: Measures how the child feels "in general". Both subscales give scores ranging from 20 to 60. In this study, since the change in state anxiety level before and after the anogenital examination will be evaluated, the "state anxiety" subscale was predominantly reflected in the findings. However, although trait anxiety was not examined in pre- and post-examination comparison, this subscale was also examined in the pre-test and post-test measurements. The Cronbach's alpha coefficient of state anxiety subscale was 0.82 and trait anxiety subscale was 0.81

Time frame: Baseline, half an hour before the anogenital examination and immediately after anogenital examination

Findings on Fear Level

Children's Fear Scale: It is a single-item scale consisting of 5 facial expressions. The first facial expression is scored as neutral (0) and the last facial expression as the highest fear (4). It is used to measure the fear level of children before and after the procedure (blood sampling, examination, etc.) (McMurtry et al., 2011). In this study, it was used to determine the change in fear level before and after anogenital examination. Since it includes a single scoring, the reliability coefficient was not calculated.

Time frame: Baseline, half an hour before the anogenital examination and immediately after anogenital examination

Secondary Outcomes

Cardiac Pulse Finding

It is a form in which the pulse (beats/min) counts and the scores obtained from the scales are recorded before and after the examination.

Time frame: Baseline, half an hour before the anogenital examination and immediately after anogenital examination

Data from ClinicalTrials.gov

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