The goal of this clinical trial is to learn if the Rational Positive Parenting Program (s-rPPP), a group-based intervention based on Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy (REBT), can help reduce disruptive behaviors in children and improve parenting among mothers in Pakistan. The study focuses on mothers of children aged 6-12 years who show behavioral problems like aggression, defiance, and temper outbursts. The main questions it aims to answer are: Does the s-rPPP reduce disruptive behavior in children? Does it improve parents' beliefs, emotional regulation, and sense of competence? Researchers will compare a group of mothers receiving the s-rPPP to a wait-list control group to see if the intervention leads to positive changes in both parent and child behavior. Participants will: Attend weekly group sessions based on s-rPPP techniques. Complete assessments before and after the program using standardized tools. Be followed up to evaluate the program's effectiveness in improving parenting and child outcomes.
Study Type
INTERVENTIONAL
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Purpose
TREATMENT
Masking
NONE
Enrollment
24
The Rational Positive Parenting Program (s-rPPP) is a structured cognitive-behavioral group intervention based on Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy (REBT). It comprises 4 weekly sessions focused on addressing irrational parenting beliefs, improving emotion regulation, and teaching positive behavior management strategies for children with disruptive behaviors. Participants in the control group will not receive the intervention during the active phase, but will be offered the rPPP after final assessment to ensure ethical treatment.
Centre for Clinical Psychology, University of the Punjab
Lahore, Punjab Province, Pakistan
Measure of Externalizing and Internalizing Behavioral Problems
The developed scale is a 5-point Likert scale consisting of 36 items, designed to assess externalizing and internalizing behavioral problems in children aged 6 to 12 years. Each item requires respondents to rate the frequency of specific behaviors observed in the child. Response options range from: 1. = Not at all (absence of the behavior) 2. = Rarely 3. = Sometimes 4. = Often 5. = Always (consistent presence of the behavior) The scale evaluates two domains: Externalizing behaviors (hyperactivity \& impulsivity, aggression, anti-social tendencies, defiance) Internalizing behaviors (anxiety, depression, hypersensitivity) Minimum score: 36 Maximum score: 180 Higher scores indicate worse outcomes, reflecting greater severity and frequency of behavioral problems. Lower scores indicate better outcomes, reflecting fewer or absent behavioral problems.
Time frame: Baseline (pre-intervention) and post-intervention at 4 weeks
Parenting Sense of Competence Scale - PSCS
The Parenting Sense of Competence Scale (PSCS) assesses parents' self-perceived competence in their parenting role. It evaluates two subscales: Satisfaction Subscale - measures comfort and frustration in the parenting role Efficacy Subscale - assesses perceived competence and capability as a parent Different versions have slightly varying scoring, but the original 17-item version uses a 6-point Likert scale (from 1 = Strongly Disagree to 6 = Strongly Agree). Score Range (for 17-item version): Total Score Range: 17 to 102 Higher scores indicate greater parenting competence and satisfaction Subscale Ranges: Efficacy Subscale (8 items): 8-48 Satisfaction Subscale (9 items): 9-54
Time frame: Baseline (pre-intervention) and post-intervention at 4 weeks
Parent Rational and Irrational Belief Scale - PRIBS
The Parent Rational and Irrational Beliefs Scale (PRIBS) evaluates both rational and irrational parental beliefs related to child behavior and discipline. Items are rated on a 5-point Likert scale (from 1 = strongly disagree to 5 = strongly agree). Includes two major dimensions: Rational Beliefs Subscale Irrational Beliefs Subscale Score Ranges: Total Score Range: Depends on the number of items used. Typically: 20 items total: 10 rational + 10 irrational Score Range (each subscale): 10 to 50 Higher Rational Belief Scores = More adaptive, logical parenting beliefs Higher Irrational Belief Scores = More rigid, demanding, or unrealistic beliefs
Time frame: Baseline (pre-intervention) and post-intervention at 4 weeks
Parent Anger Scale - PAS
The Parent Anger Scale (PAS) is a 30-item self-report measure assessing the frequency and intensity of parental anger in response to child-related situations. Items are rated on a 5-point Likert scale from 1 (Strongly Disagree) to 5 (Strongly Agree). Score Range: Total Score Range: 30 to 150 Higher Scores: indicate greater frequency and intensity of parental anger Lower Scores: reflect better emotional regulation and lower anger expression in parenting contexts
Time frame: Baseline (pre-intervention) and post-intervention at 4 weeks
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