The goal of this observational clinical trial is to Study the impact of copper to zinc ratio on the outcome of ESRD patients
End-stage renal disease (ESRD) carries high morbidity and mortality due to cardiovascular complications, highlighting the need for ongoing research. Trace elements as copper (Cu), and zinc (Zn), are essential for physiological functions, enzyme activity, metabolism, and immune defense. In ESRD patients, Cu and Zn imbalances, with a higher Cu/Zn ratio are linked to greater cardiovascular problems. The relationship between the Cu/Zn ratio and clinical outcomes in ESRD needs more exploration
Study Type
OBSERVATIONAL
Enrollment
150
Nephrology and urology hospital, Minia unersity hospital, Faculty of medicine, Minia university
Minya, Egypt
To determine whether an elevated serum Cu/Zn ratio is associated with an increased risk of cardiac complications in chronic hemodialysis patients.
measuring serum Cu/Zn ratio and determining if it is associated with an increased risk of cardiac complications in chronic hemodialysis patients.
Time frame: 6-8 months
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