Construction of a Deep Learning-Based Precise Diagnostic Framework for Bladder Tumors Using Ultrasound: A Multicenter, Ambispective Cohort Study

Inclusion Criteria:① Suspected bladder mass detected by abdominal ultrasound (age ≥18 years);② Patients scheduled for surgical treatment of bladder tumors. Exclusion Criteria: * Age \>85 years; * Patients unable to undergo abdominal/transrectal ultrasound (e.g., uncooperative individuals, technically inadequate images); * History of bladder tumor surgery, radiotherapy, chemotherapy, or systemic therapy within 3 months; ④ Patients with indwelling medical devices (e.g., double-J ureteral stents, urinary catheters); * Failure to undergo bladder tumor surgery within 2 weeks post-ultrasound; ⑥ Non-urothelial carcinoma or pathologically unconfirmed diagnoses.