Validation of an Upper Extremity Physical Performance Test Battery in Patients After Shoulder Dislocation

Passive external rotation in supine position with arm in 90° abduction - passive internal rotation in supine position with arm in 90° abduction.

Shoulder external rotation and internal rotation measured with a hand held dynanometer in supine lying

Shoulder strength in the antero-posterior plane measured with a hand held dynanometer in prone lying

Set up requires that the subject is placed in a seated position (knees bent at 90° degrees) with their back against the wall, and a 3 kg medicine ball held at height of the shoulder. When ready, the subject will perform a shot put motion to push the medicine ball as far as possible in a horizontal direction. The average of three trials is recorded for each arm.

The test is performed in a push-up position with the hands one half-arm span apart on strips of athletic tape. The person reaches with alternating hands across the body to touch the piece of tape under the opposing hand. The number of cross-body touches performed in 15 seconds is recorded. In total, three 15-s test trials were performed, with 45 s rest between each trial.

The beginning position of the participant is lying in a supine position while holding the weight just over their chest. Participants move their shoulder to 135° of abduction with the elbow extended, then returning to the starting position, and immediately move their shoulder to 180° of abduction with the elbow fully extended and finally return to the starting position. This cycle is repeated as much as possible for 1 minute.

The participant is positioned prone, with the test shoulder off the table and the arm in 90° of horizontal abduction, the point at which the participant is to hold the arm as long as possible until fatigue. The participant holds a weight equal to 2% of his body weight (rounded to the nearest 0.5 kg).

Psycho-social questionnaire assessing the psychological readiness of athletes to return to sport following traumatic shoulder instability and conservative or surgical management. The SIRSI includes 12 questions with an 11-point Likert scale in the form of blocks to be ticked from 0 to 10. The total score is equal to the sum of the values of the 12 responses then determined in relation to 100 to obtain a percentage. High scores correspond to a positive psychological response.

Patient's shoulder pain will be measured using an 11-point NRS, with a minimum value of zero ("no pain") and a maximum score of 10 ("the worst pain possible")

modified Tampa Scale of Kinesiophobia (TSK) to make it suitable for application in patients with anterior shoulder instability. The TSK-SI contains 18 items and the total score can range from 18 to 72, with 18 being the "best" score (no fear of movement/kinesiophobia) and 72 being the "worst" score (severe fear of movement/kinesiophobia)