Exercise Adherence and Cognitive Decline: Phase 2

Blood Pressure

Blood pressure (systolic and diastolic) of all participants is collected before the intervention

Time frame: Baseline, Visit 15 (6 Months after baseline), Visit 17 (12 months after baseline)

Activity Levels

Exercise Intensity (PAR). Answers are direct (ex. how many hours active) and not scaled. Information is requested for the week and the past 3 months.

Time frame: Baseline, Visit 15 (6 months after baseline), Visit 17 (12 months after baseline)

Sleep Levels

Exercise Intensity (PAR). Answers are direct (ex. how many hours did you sleep) and are not scaled. Information is requested for the past 7 days.

Time frame: Baseline, Visit 15 (6 months after baseline), Visit 17 (12 months after followup)

Exercise Intensity

Exercise Intensity (PAR). Answers are direct (ex. how many hours did you sleep) and are not scaled. Information is requested for the past 7 days.

Time frame: Baseline, Visit 15 (6 months after baseline), Visit 17 (12 months after baseline)

Exercise Behavior

L-Cat. Single question that asks about frequency/rigor of physical activity, with six potential answers ranging from no physical activity to daily physical activity.

Time frame: Baseline, Visit 17 (12 months after Baseline)

Exercise Behavior

modified Godin Shepard Leisure Time Physical Activity Questionnaire. Measures physical and leisure activity over a typical one week period

Time frame: All study timepoints (Visits 1-17; approximately 14 months)

Theoretical Mediators of Exercise Behavior

Intrinsic Motivation Inventory. Questions relate to how participants think or feel about physical activity, with answers ranging from 1 (strongly disagree) to 7 (strongly agree). Broader scores are broken up into subscales; final subscale scores are summed and averaged. Higher scores indicate higher agreement with that subscale.

Time frame: Baseline, Visit 12 (supervised exercise visit), Visits 14-17 (3, 6, 9, and 12 months after baseline)

Theoretical Mediators of Exercise Behavior

Self-Efficacy. 9 questions about confidence in exercise on scale of 1 (disagree strongly) to 7 (agree strongly). Higher scores indicate higher perceived confidence in doing that activity. Total scores are summed.

Time frame: Baseline, Visit 12 (supervised exercise visit), Visits 14-17 (3, 6, 9, and 12 months after baseline)

Theoretical Mediators of Exercise Behavior

Exercise Intention Survey. Scored on a Likert scale from 1 (strongly disagree) to 7 (strongly agree) to indicate level of agreement to statements related to intention to exercise. Scores are summed to produce a total score. Higher scores indicate stronger intention to exercise, lower scores indicate weaker intention.

Time frame: Baseline, Visit 12 (supervised exercise visit), Visits 14-17 (3, 6, 9, and 12 months after baseline)

Theoretical Mediators of Exercise Behavior

Exercise Identity Score. Scored on a Likert scale from 1 (strongly disagree) to 7 (strongly agree) to indicate level of agreement to statements related to attitudes towards exercise. Scores are summed and averaged to provide an overall score. Higher scores indicate a positive attitude towards exercise, lower scores less favorable attitude.

Time frame: Baseline, Visit 12 (supervised exercise visit), Visits 14-17 (3, 6, 9, and 12 months after baseline)

Theoretical Mediators of Exercise Behavior

Exercise alignment with Black identity. Assessment of the extent to which 7 common exercises are aligned with Black identity

Time frame: Baseline, Visit 12 (supervised exercise visit), Visits 14-17 (3, 6, 9, and 12 months after baseline)

Heart Rate Variability

Heart Rate Variability is measured using chest strap monitor.

Time frame: Baseline, Visit 17 (12 months after Baseline)

Heart Rate

Heart Rate is measured using chest strap monitor.

Time frame: Baseline, Visits 2-13 (Supervised Exercise Training, 1 hour 3x/week for 4 weeks), Visit 15 (6-month follow-up), Visit 17 (12-month follow-up)

Ventilatory Threshold

Talk Test. Graded treadmill test where intensity is increased at intervals to determine participant's ventilatory threshold.

Time frame: Baseline

Perceived Exertion

A single-item measure from Borg (1973) was used to assess participants' rate of perceived exertion (RPE) during the exercise bout. Participants were asked to rate the average intensity of exercise \[at that moment/during the past ten minutes\] on a 25-point scale ranging from 6 (no exertion at all) to 20 (maximal exertion).

Time frame: Baseline, Visits 2-13 (Supervised Exercise Training, 1 hour 3x/week for 4 weeks)

Pain Levels

A single item measure from Borg (1998) was used to assess participants' pain levels during the exercise bout. Participants were asked to indicate how much pain they felt \[at that moment/during the past ten minutes\] on an 11-point scale ranging from 0 (nothing at all) to 10 (excruciating).

Time frame: Visits 2, 6, 12 (Supervised Exercise Training)

Affective Valence

The Feeling Scale, a single-item measure from Hardy and Rejeski (1989), was used to assess participants' affective valence during the exercise bout. Participants were asked to indicate how they felt \[at that moment/during the past ten minutes\] on an 11-point scale ranging from -5 (very bad) to +5 (very good).

Time frame: Visit 12, Visits 14-16 (3, 6, and 9 months after baseline)

Affective Arousal

The Felt Arousal Scale, a single-item measure from Svebak and Murgatroyd (1985), was used to assess participants' affective arousal during the exercise bout. Participants were asked to indicate how "worked-up" they felt \[at that moment/during the past ten minutes\] on a 6-point scale ranging from 1 (low arousal) to 6 (high arousal).

Time frame: Visits 2, 6, 12 (Supervised Exercise Training)

Enjoyment

A single item measure from Gillman and Bryan (2015) was used to assess participants' enjoyment levels during the exercise bout. Participants were asked to indicate how enjoyable exercise was \[at that moment/during the past ten minutes\] on a 5-point scale ranging from 1 (no enjoyment at all) to 5 (a great deal of enjoyment).

Time frame: Visits 2, 6, 12 (Supervised Exercise Training)

Exercise Check-In

Three short questions assessing if the participant planned to engage in exercise and how many minutes of moderate (0-120) and vigorous (0-60) exercise they engaged in

Time frame: Visits 14-17 (3, 6, 9, and 12 months after baseline)

Exercise Benefits and Barriers

A 10 item scale assessing perceived benefits of and barriers to exercise

Time frame: Baseline, Visit 12 (supervised exercise visit), Visits 14-17 (3, 6, 9, and 12 months after baseline)

Anthropometrics

Height will be measured in centimeters

Time frame: Baseline, Visit 17 (12-month follow-up)

Diet

NCI's Eating at America's Table Study (EATS) Fruit \& Vegetable All-Day Screener. A short dietary assessment instrument for measuring fruit and vegetable intake over the past month.

Time frame: Baseline, Visit 17 (12-month follow-up)

Demographics

Survey includes gender, sexual orientation, age, detailed race/ethnicity, and SES

Time frame: Baseline

Objective Physical Activity

Objective physical activity will be measured through ActiGraph. Participants will be given the ActiGraph at baseline and will be asked to wear the device for one week. Participants will then be asked to wear the watch continuously for the week before visit 15 (6-month follow-up) and visit 17 (12-month follow-up).

Time frame: Baseline, Visit 15 (6 months after baseline), Visit 17 (12 months after baseline)

Biomarkers of Cognitive Aging

Biomarkers of cognitive again will be analyzed by blood samples. Blood samples will be collected at baseline and Visit 17 (12-month follow-up) and stored. At the end of the study, samples will be sent for analysis of biomarkers involved in cognitive aging, including p-tau181, NfL, Ab40, Ab42, GFAP, and IGF-1.

Time frame: Baseline and Visit 17 (12 months after baseline)

Anthropometrics

Weight will be measured in pounds

Time frame: Baseline, Visit 17 (12-month follow-up)