Mitochondria are structures inside cells that are responsible for producing energy from nutrients through a series of steps, using oxygen. To have an idea of how well the mitochondria can produce energy, we can measure how much oxygen they use. The goal of this study is to: 1. To compare the oxygen use between people with long COVID and people who completely recovered after COVID-19, using three techniques that measure the oxygen use in blood cells, on the skin and in the muscle 2. To test how similar these three techniques are in measuring the oxygen used in the three different tissues Participants will: * Complete surveys, * Wear an activity tracker (7 days), * Undergo several non-invasive tests, and * Donate a blood sample The study will take place in UZ Brussel hospital and will take 2 study visits, approximately 7 days apart.
Study Type
OBSERVATIONAL
Enrollment
54
Laarbeeklaan 101
Jette, Brussels Capital, Belgium
Basal Oxygen Consumption rate (pmol O2/min)
Seahorse XF Substrate Oxidation Stress test analysis of the peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs)
Time frame: Blood sample is taken during the second study visit (approximately 7 days after the first study visit) and the PBMCs are cryopreserved until analysis (after all participants have been recruited, estimated to be within 1 year of the start of the study)
Tissue Saturation Index (TSI)
Near-infrared spectroscopy
Time frame: Second study visit (approximately 7 days after the first study visit)
Mitochondrial oxygen tension (mitoPO2) (mmHg/s)
Cellular Oxygen Metabolism monitoring
Time frame: Second study visit (approximately 7 days after the first study visit)
Mitochondrial oxygen consumption (mitoVO2)
Cellular Oxygen Metabolism monitoring
Time frame: Second study visit (minimally 7 days after the first study visit)
Proportion of participants meeting the criteria for PEM
De Paul Symptom Questionnaire - Post-exertional malaise (DSQ-PEM)
Time frame: Second study visit (minimally 7 days after the first study visit)
General fatigue
Multidimensional Fatigue Inventory (MFI-20)
Time frame: Second study visit (approximately 7 days after the first study visit)
Physical fatigue
Multidimensional Fatigue Inventory (MFI-20)
Time frame: Second study visit (approximately 7 days after the first study visit)
Mental fatigue
Multidimensional Fatigue Inventory (MFI-20)
Time frame: Second study visit (approximately 7 days after the first study visit)
Reduced activities
Multidimensional Fatigue Inventory (MFI-20)
Time frame: Second study visit (approximately 7 days after the first study visit)
Reduced motivation
Multidimensional Fatigue Inventory (MFI-20)
Time frame: Second study visit (approximately 7 days after the first study visit)
Severity and impact of fatigue on daily life
The Fatigue Severity Scale (FSS) contains nine statements that rate the severity of the fatigue symptoms. The statements are rated from 1 to 7, with a low value indicating strong disagreement with the statement and a high value indicating strong agreement with the statement. The total score is the sum of the individual scores, with a higher score indicating a greater impact of fatigue on daily life.
Time frame: Second study visit (approximately 7 days after the first study visit)
Symptom burden (θ)
Item Response Theory (IRT) will be applied to estimate a latent trait representing symptom burden, using Section 2.6 of the WHO Post-COVID-19 Case Report Form. Symptoms will be coded as binary variables (1 = symptom present, 0 = symptom absent). IRT modeling will be used to derive a latent trait estimate (θ) for each individual, reflecting the overall severity or burden of symptoms.
Time frame: First study visit
Resting Energy Expenditure (kcal/kg body weight/day)
Indirect calorimetry will be used to measure the Resting Energy Expenditure (kcal/day). This value will be divided by the body weight (kg) on that same day.
Time frame: Second study visit (approximately 7 days after the first study visit)
Basal Oxygen Consumption rate (pmol O2/min)
Seahorse XF Substrate Oxidation Stress test analysis of the peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) after substrate pathway inhibitor Etomoxir is used
Time frame: Blood sample is taken during the second study visit (approximately 7 days after the first study visit) and the PBMCs are cryopreserved until analysis (after all participants have been recruited, estimated to be within 1 year of the start of the study)
Basal Oxygen Consumption rate (pmol O2/min)
Seahorse XF Substrate Oxidation Stress test analysis of the peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) after substrate pathway inhibitor UK5099 is used
Time frame: Blood sample is taken during the second study visit (approximately 7 days after the first study visit) and the PBMCs are cryopreserved until analysis (after all participants have been recruited, estimated to be within 1 year of the start of the study)
Basal Oxygen Consumption rate (pmol O2/min)
Seahorse XF Substrate Oxidation Stress test analysis of the peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) after substrate pathway inhibitor BPTES is used
Time frame: Blood sample is taken during the second study visit (approximately 7 days after the first study visit) and the PBMCs are cryopreserved until analysis (after all participants have been recruited, estimated to be within 1 year of the start of the study)
Maximal Oxygen Consumption rate (pmol O2/min)
Seahorse XF Substrate Oxidation Stress Test analysis of the peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) after substrate pathway inhibitor Etomoxir is used
Time frame: Blood sample is taken during the second study visit (approximately 7 days after the first study visit) and the PBMCs are cryopreserved until analysis (after all participants have been recruited, estimated to be within 1 year of the start of the study)
Maximal Oxygen Consumption rate (pmol O2/min)
Seahorse XF Substrate Oxidation Stress Test analysis of the peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) after substrate pathway inhibitor UK5099 is used
Time frame: Blood sample is taken during the second study visit (approximately 7 days after the first study visit) and the PBMCs are cryopreserved until analysis (after all participants have been recruited, estimated to be within 1 year of the start of the study)
Maximal Oxygen Consumption rate (pmol O2/min)
Seahorse XF Substrate Oxidation Stress Test analysis of the peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) after substrate pathway inhibitor BPTES is used
Time frame: Blood sample is taken during the second study visit (approximately 7 days after the first study visit) and the PBMCs are cryopreserved until analysis (after all participants have been recruited, estimated to be within 1 year of the start of the study)
Respiratory Quotient
Indirect calorimetry
Time frame: Second study visit (approximately 7 days after the first study visit)
Berenice G. Jimenez Garcia, Master of Science
CONTACT
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