DCB Outcomes After Plain or Scoring Balloon for Vessel Preparation in Patients With Femoropopliteal Arterial Disease

Marc Sirvent83 enrolled

Overview

The goal of this clinical trial is to learn if using a scoring balloon to prepare the femoropopliteal (FP) segment before drug-coated balloon treatment works better than using a regular balloon (called plain old balloon angioplasty, or POBA). This study includes only people with critical limb ischemia (CLI). The main questions it aims to answer are: 1. Does using a scoring balloon reduce the need for a bailout stent during the procedure? 2. Does a scoring balloon help keep the artery open longer? 3. Is the cost of the scoring balloon procedure similar to the cost of the POBA procedure? Participants will: * Receive either a scoring balloon or POBA to prepare the femoropopliteal segment * Then be treated with a drug-coated balloon in the same segment * Be monitored during the procedure to see if a bailout stent is needed * Have follow-up visits to see if the artery remains open

A prospective, single-center clinical trial has been designed with two parallel intervention groups of consecutive CLI patients (Rutherford classification 4-5) with lesions in the F-P segment. It is a single-blind study, where the patient is unaware of their group allocation, but the operator knows the group of each patient. Patients will be randomly assigned to undergo either conventional balloon angioplasty or AngioSculpt™ scoring balloon angioplasty prior to drug-coated balloon (Luminor™) treatment. PROCEDURE DESCRIPTION Antithrombotic Therapy (Pre-, Intra-, and Post-Procedure): All patients will be on at least single antiplatelet therapy prior to the procedure, receiving either aspirin (100-300 mg/day) or clopidogrel (75 mg/day). During the procedure, an intravenous bolus of heparin (1 mg/kg body weight) will be administered. The postprocedural antithrombotic regimen includes: Clopidogrel: 75 mg/day starting immediately after the index procedure. Aspirin: 100-300 mg/day starting immediately after the index procedure. Dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT) must be maintained for a minimum of 1 year following the index procedure. Discontinuation is only permitted if a subsequent procedure requires temporary interruption of one or both antiplatelet agents. In such cases, therapy should be resumed as soon as clinically feasible. Treatment of Non-Target Lesions: All significant inflow-limiting lesions (≥50% stenosis) in the study limb must be treated successfully (i.e., ≤30% residual stenosis) prior to initiation of the study index procedure. Treatment should follow the institution's standard of care and reflect current evidence regarding the efficacy of available therapies. Procedure Sequence of the Target Lesion Treatment: 1. Pre-dilatation of the lesion Pre-dilatation is mandatory and must be performed using either a standard balloon or an AngioSculpt™ scoring balloon, according to the patient's allocation group. 1. Balloon diameter must match the reference vessel diameter (RVD) in a 1:1 ratio. 2. The balloon must cover the entire length of the lesion. 3. A minimum inflation time of 180 seconds is mandatory. 4. Angiographic imaging must be recorded both before and after pre-dilatation to document the result. 2. Dilatation with Luminor™ drug-coated balloon (DCB) Following pre-dilatation, lesion treatment is completed using the Luminor™ balloon catheter. 1. A 1:1 RVD to balloon diameter ratio must be used. 2. The DCB must cover the entire lesion length and extend at least 1 cm proximally and distally beyond the area previously treated with plain balloon angioplasty. 3. A minimum inflation time of 180 seconds is mandatory. 4. Angiographic imaging must be recorded post-dilatation to assess the result. Definition of Procedural Success. Treatment of the target lesion is considered successful when the final angiographic result meets both of the following criteria: 1. Residual stenosis is \<30% by visual estimation, or there is no flow-limiting dissection; 2. Findings are confirmed in two angiographic projections with a minimum angulation difference of 20°. If the angiographic result is inconclusive, intraoperative duplex ultrasonography must be performed to evaluate lesion patency and result adequacy. Bail-Out Stenting Criteria: In cases where the result after DCB angioplasty is inadequate, bail-out stenting is permitted using the following guidelines: 1. Spot stenting should be performed whenever possible. 2. The use of covered stents or drug-coated/drug-eluting stents is not allowed under the study protocol.

Eligibility

Sex: ALLMin age: 18 Years

Medical Language ↔ Plain English

Inclusion Criteria: * Male or non-pregnant female subjects aged ≥18 years at the time of informed consent. Women of childbearing potential must have a negative pregnancy test within 7 days prior to the procedure and must agree to use a reliable method of contraception during their participation in the study. This requirement does not apply in cases of sterility, infertility, or menopause for at least 12 months. * Rutherford category 4-5. * Life expectancy \>1 year as assessed by the investigator, based on the patient's medical history. * Atherosclerotic lesions in the femoropopliteal segment, including in-stent restenosis. * The subject has been informed, understands the nature of the trial, and has signed the informed consent form to participate in the study. If the subject is capable of understanding and providing informed consent but is physically unable to sign the consent form, an impartial witness may sign on their behalf. * The patient is willing to comply with all required follow-up visits. * Presence of at least one patent infragenicular artery (with \<50% stenosis) at the end of the procedure. * Target vessel diameter ≤8 mm. Exclusion Criteria: * Pregnant women or women planning to become pregnant during the course of the study. * Participation in another investigational drug eluting technology study. * Inability to successfully cross the target lesion with a guidewire (successful crossing is defined as the guidewire tip passing through the lesion without perforation and remaining within the true arterial lumen). * Inadequate treatment of a proximal lesion (defined as \>30% residual stenosis). * Severe calcification of the target vessel, defined as 270-360 degrees of circumferential calcification (Fanelli grade 4 classification). * Presence of thrombus in the target vessel. * Stenosis at the anastomosis site of a bypass. * Use of atherectomy, thrombectomy, laser, or any similar device in the target lesion/vessel. * Prior or planned above-ankle amputation of the target limb (this does not apply to transmetatarsal, digital amputations, or ulcer debridement). * Known coagulopathy, hypercoagulable state, bleeding diathesis, platelet count \<80,000/μL or \>700,000/μL, or any other hematological disorder. * History of gastrointestinal bleeding requiring transfusion within the 3 months prior to the study procedure. * Any subject for whom the use of antiplatelet, anticoagulant, or thrombolytic therapy is contraindicated. * Acute coronary syndrome within 30 days prior to the index procedure. * History of stroke or transient ischemic attack (TIA) within 90 days prior to the index procedure. * Known hypersensitivity or contraindication to nickel-titanium alloy (Nitinol). * Other comorbidities that, in the opinion of the investigator, would prevent the subject from receiving this treatment and/or from complying with the follow-up required by this trial. * Known hypersensitivity or allergy to contrast agents that cannot be managed medically. * Known hypersensitivity or allergy to heparin, aspirin, paclitaxel, clopidogrel, or other antiplatelet/anticoagulant therapies. * Contraindication to the use of dual antiplatelet therapy.

Outcomes

Primary Outcomes

Bailout stenting

The need for bailout stenting during the index procedure, defined as implantation due to residual stenosis \>30% or flow-limiting dissection (type C according to the Kobayashi classification)

Time frame: At index procedure

Primary patency

Defined by duplex ultrasound as absence of ≥50% restenosis (velocity peak ratio \<2.5) and no clinically driven target lesion revascularisation (CD-TLR)

Time frame: 12 months

Secondary Outcomes

Primary patency

Defined by duplex ultrasound as absence of ≥50% restenosis (velocity peak ratio \<2.5) and no clinically driven target lesion revascularisation (CD-TLR)

Time frame: 1, 6, 18 and 24 months

Clinically Driven Target Lesion Revascularization (CD-TLR)

Defined as any reintervention due to clinical deterioration\*, to maintain or re-establish patency within the region of the treated arterial vessel plus 5mm proximal and distal to the treated lesion edge respectively. \*defined as a worsening of the patient's quality of life, reflected by the EQ5D-questionnaire, worsening of the Rutherford category with minimal 1 class or worsening of wound healing.

Time frame: At 1 month, every 6 months up to 2 years post-procedure

Freedom from device and procedure-related death and freedom from Major Adverse Events (MAE), including Major Adverse Clinical Events (MACE) and Major Adverse Limb Events(MALE)

1. Freedom from device and procedure-related death through 30 days post-procedure 2. Freedom from MAE (MACE and MALE) at 1 month, every 6 months up to 2 years post-procedure. Major Adverse Clinical Events (MACE) * Death * Myocardial infarction * Stroke * Bleeding complication requiring transfusion Freedom from major adverse limb events (MALE) defined as absence of above-the-ankle target limb amputation or major re-intervention to the target lesion(s) (i.e. new bypass graft, jump/interposition graft revision, thrombectomy/thrombolysis, endovascular reintervention…).

Time frame: 1- Freedom from device and procedure-related death through 30 days post-procedure 2- Freedom from MAE (MACE and MALE) at 1 month, every 6 months up to 2 years post-procedure.

Technical success

Technical success is defined as successful use of a device or technique to re-establish vessel patency with a residual stenosis of \<30% by visual estimation and residual stenosis less than 50% by duplex imaging

Time frame: During the procedure

Procedural success

Procedural success is defined as technical success and completion of the procedure without complications. This represents successful treatment of the vessels (technical success) in the absence of vessel rupture, distal embolization, thrombosis, access complications, and major adverse cardiovascular events.

Time frame: Occurring <24 hours and <1 month of the procedure

Wound healing time

Wound healing time is defined as the number of days required for the wound to achieve complete healing following the index procedure.

Time frame: The observation period extends from the date of randomization until the earliest of the following: wound healing, death from any cause, or study completion.

Procedural cost

Procedural cost is defined as the total price in euros of all balloons and stents used

Time frame: Index procedure

DCB Outcomes After Plain or Scoring Balloon for Vessel Preparation in Patients With Femoropopliteal Arterial Disease

Overview

Conditions

Interventions

Eligibility

Locations (1)

Outcomes

Primary Outcomes

Secondary Outcomes