Mindfulness Training and Respiration Biosignal Feedback - Study 2

Change from Baseline in total anxiety as assessed by the General Anxiety Disorder, 7-item questionnaire at post treatment

Participants respond to a questionnaire asking about how often they have been bothered by any of the listed problems over the last 2 weeks. Zero is equivalent to not at all (lower anxiety) and 3 indicates nearly every day (higher anxiety).

Time frame: From enrollment to the end of treatment at up to week 4

Change from Baseline in total depression as assessed by the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 at post treatment

Participants respond to a questionnaire asking about how often they have been bothered by any of the listed problems over the last 2 weeks related to the severity of depression symptomology. Zero is equivalent to not at all (lower depression) and 3 indicates nearly every day (higher depression)

Time frame: From enrollment to the end of treatment at up to week 4

Change from Baseline in total affect as assessed by the Positive and Negative Affect Scale at post treatment

Participants respond to a questionnaire asking to indicate the extent they have felt the following ways over the past 2 weeks related to their feelings and emotions. One is equivalent to not at all and five indicates extremely. The scores on items 1, 3, 5, 9, 10, 12, 14, 16, 17, and 19 are added. Scores can range from 10 - 50, with higher scores representing higher levels of positive affect. The scores on items 2, 4, 6, 7, 8, 11, 13, 15, 18, and 20 are added. Scores can range from 10 - 50, with lower scores representing lower levels of negative affect.

Time frame: From enrollment to the end of treatment at up to week 4

Change from Baseline in mean state mindfulness as assessed by the Mindful Attention Awareness Scale - state at post treatment

Participants respond to a questionnaire asking to what degree they were having each experience described over the past 2 weeks related to mindfulness practices. Zero is equivalent to not at all and six indicates very much. A mean score of the 15 items is taken, a higher score indicates greater mindfulness and a lower score indicates lower mindfulness.

Time frame: From enrollment to the end of treatment at up to week 4

Change from Baseline in total perceived stress as assessed by the Perceived Stress Scale at post treatment

Participants respond to a questionnaire asking about their feelings and thoughts over the past 2 weeks. Zero is equivalent to never and four indicates very often. Scores are added and those ranging from 0-13 would be considered low stress. Scores ranging from 14-26 would be considered moderate stress and scores ranging from 27-40 would be considered high perceived stress.

Time frame: From enrollment to the end of treatment at up to week 4

Change from Baseline in total social well-being as assessed by the Satisfaction with Life Scale at post treatment

Participants indicate how much they agree or disagree with each of the 5 items using a 7-point scale that ranges from 7 strongly agree to 1 strongly disagree. A score of 5-9 indicates extreme dissatisfaction and a score of 31-35 indicates extreme satisfaction.

Time frame: From enrollment to the end of treatment at up to week 4

Change from Baseline in total loneliness as assessed by the UCLA Loneliness scale at post treatment

Participants indicate how often they feel the way related to loneliness and isolation described in each of the 20 statements using a 4-point scale that ranges from 1=never to 4=always. The scoring is continuous with items 1, 5, 6, 9, 10, 15, 16, 19, 20 are all reverse scored. A higher score indicates greater feelings of isolation and loneliness, while a lower score indicates lower feelings of isolation and loneliness.

Time frame: From enrollment to the end of treatment at up to week 4