Telerehabilitation Versus Supervised Pelvic Floor Muscle Training in Urinary Incontinence

Overview

Urinary Incontinence (UI) is a prevalent condition impacting women across all age groups, varing in both severity and type. Urinary Incontinence affects 25%-45% of women worldwide. A systematic review explains that menopause-driven estrogen decline leads to atrophy of pelvic floor muscles (PFM). The goal of this randomized controlled trial is to compare the effects of telerehabilitation-based pelvic floor muscle training with a supervised face-to-face pelvic floor muscle training program in improving urinary incontinence symptoms, pelvic floor muscle funtion and quality of life (QoL) in postmenopausal women. Participnts will be randomly assigned to one of the two groups, and both will receive an identical standardized pelvic floor muscle training protocol. The results of this clinical trial will help evaluate how telerehabilitation can provide support for postmenopausal women with urinary incontinence and improve health outcomes.

Urinary incontinence (UI) is common among postmenopausal women and is characterized by involuntary urine leakage, leading to physical, psychological, and social challenges. Its prevalence increases after menopause due to hormonal changes, along with loss of connective tissue and muscle fiber degradation. This results in reduced maximal voluntary contraction and diminished coordination, contributing to increased UI risk in postmenopausal women. Postmenopausal women with UI present significantly increased pelvic floor muscle (PFM) stiffness both at rest and during contraction, signalling structural deterioration. Therefore this increased stiffness, linked to tissue atrophy, compromises muscle contraction and is closely associated with reduced urethral support. Systematic reviews highlight that postmenopausal women often are marginalized or grouped with wider age ranges, limiting the significance of outcomes to this specific demographic. Therefore adequately powered randomized controlled trails directly comparing Tele-rehabilitation and supervised Pelvic floor muscle training (PFMT) in postmenopausal women are limited. PFMT is the first-line conservative treatment recommended by international guidelines. Traditionally, PFMT is delivered in supervised, in-person sessions with a physiotherapist; however, hurdles such as mobility issues, transportation costs can reduce access to supervised sessions. Tele-rehabilitation may overcome these barriers by offering flexible and home-based treatment. Tele-rehabilitation, using secure video conferencing to deliver PFMT in real time, may improve accessibility, adherence, and convenience. Hence evaluating the effectiveness and acceptability of remote PFMT in postmenopausal women is both timely and clinically important. This study will provide stronger statistical power to address the existing evidence gap and contribute to the growing field of digital physiotherapy by providing valuable evidence evaluating whether Tele-rehabilitation can serve as an effective and feasible alternative to face-to-face intervention for managing urinary incontinence in postmenopausal women, thereby improving women's health outcomes and quality of life.