Multicomponent Training Combined With Multi-professional Intervention Health Status in Hypertensive and Normotensive Older Women

Biomarkers analyses

The blood collection procedures followed the guidelines of the Clinical Laboratory Standards Institute . The participants were previously instructed to prepare accordingly for the collections which were conducted at the Clinical Analysis Laboratory of the Institution's facilities. After the blood was drawn, they were advised to apply pressure to the puncture site to prevent bruising. The blood samples were distributed into the following tubes: Vacuplast® collection tubes, tubes containing the anticoagulant ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) K2, and tubes with fluoride/EDTA anticoagulant.

Time frame: 36 weeks

Anthropometry

The standing height of the participants was measured via a stadiometer (Welmy R - 110®, Santa Bárbara D'Oeste, São Paulo, Brazil) attached to a scale with a maximum capacity of 2.2 meters and an accuracy of 0.1 cm.

Time frame: 36 weeks

Physical performance TUG

Following earlier suggestions, the TUG test was conducted. The person must get out of an arm-supported chair, cross a three-meter aisle, turn around, and return to the chair. They must perform three trials and record the best one in seconds. A pair of evaluators measured the time using single-beam photocells (Brower Timing System, Draper, UT, USA), and the best of three trials was utilized for statistical analysis

Time frame: 36 weeks

30-second chair stand

Three repetitions were evaluated to retrieve the best performance executed on the 30-chair stand test. Its purpose was to evaluate the lower limbs' muscle strength, and it is executed while seated in a chair, with the arms resting across the chest, for 30 s.

Time frame: 36 weeks

Arm curl Test

In the arm-curl test, participants sat on a chair and were asked to flex the elbow of their stronger arm as many times as possible in 30 seconds while holding a 1-kg dumbbell. Participants were instructed to maintain a normal breathing pattern and keep their elbow at their side during the entire test. A single repetition consisted of full elbow flexion from maximal extension

Time frame: 36 weeks

MIHS

Previous studies have recommended the use of MIHS testing. The most suitable testing position was determined to be seated, with the forearm and wrist maintained in a neutral position, the elbow flexed at 90◦ and kept close to the torso, the spine properly aligned, and the shoulder relaxed in a neutral position. A handheld dynamometer (Jamar®, PLUS+, Sammons Preston, Patterson Medical, Warrenville, IL, USA) was used to perform the measurements. To accommodate varying hand sizes and ensure effective engagement of the metacarpophalangeal and interphalangeal joints, the dynamometer was set to the first position, allowing contact between the thumb and the proximal phalanx of the index finger. Participants were given a 120 s rest period between each of the three repetitions per hand.

Time frame: 36 weeks

6MWT

Heart rate (HR) was recorded at rest and at the end of each minute during the 6MWT using a lightweight telemetric HR monitor. Oxygen saturation (SpO2) was recorded before and after completing the 6MWT using an oximeter and a finger sensor. At the end of the test, distance was measured and, where appropriate, leg fatigue was assessed using a modified Borg scale from 0 to 10.

Time frame: 36 weeks

body composition

Body composition was assessed via a tetrapolar bioelectrical impedance analyzer (InBody 570®, Bio space Co. Ltd., Seoul, South Korea), with a capacity of 250 kg and an accuracy of 100 g, following the manufacturer's instructions and establishing recommendations to increase precision and reliability. The following variables were assessed: body weight (kg), BFP, FFM (kg), and body mass index (BMI, kg/m²).

Time frame: 36 weeks