The goal of this clinical trial is to learn if community-based exercise training can benefit patients aged 18 to 85 with diminished cardiovascular and pulmonary function. The main aim of this study is: • Establish a community or home-based fitness training program for patients with cardiopulmonary insufficiency to improve adherence, safety, and efficacy while alleviating the burden on both patients and society. Researchers will compare community-based exercise training to non-exercise training to see if community-based exercise training works to improve cardiovascular and pulmonary function. Participants will: * Engage in community or home exercise training for 40-60 minutes, five times weekly, during a duration of eight weeks. Exercise modalities are primarily determined by the patients' individual preferences and habits, such as brisk walking, running, swimming, cycling, and hiking. * Adjust the exercise intensity according to their cardiopulmonary exercise test and the person's perceived exertion level. * Utilize fitness bracelets or watches to document statistics during workouts and submit them to the experimenter weekly, covering the five days of exercise within that week. * refrain from making any dietary modifications throughout the trial.
Study Type
INTERVENTIONAL
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Purpose
TREATMENT
Masking
SINGLE
Enrollment
200
The patients will engage in 40-60 minutes of exercise training, either at home or in the community, five times a week, for eight weeks. Brisk walking, jogging, swimming, cycling, and trekking were among the exercise modalities that were chosen mostly based on the patient's individual preferences and habits. To guarantee safe and efficient exercise, exercise intensity was modified based on each person's subjective effort level and the results of their individual cardiorespiratory exercise tests.
Department of Rehabilitation Medicine Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences)
Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
RECRUITINGexercise capacity
Peak oxygen uptake (peakVO₂, ml/(kg·min)), measured by cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET), refers to the maximum rate of oxygen consumption per unit time during exhaustive incremental exercise. It serves as a key indicator of cardiopulmonary function and aerobic metabolic capacity.
Time frame: at enrollment and week 8
exercise capacity
Anaerobic Threshold (AT, mmol/L) is a key physiological parameter in cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET), representing the transition point from predominantly aerobic to anaerobic metabolism during incremental exercise. It is determined by measuring blood lactate concentration through serial blood sampling and plotting the lactate-exercise intensity curve.
Time frame: at enrollment and week 8
life quality
The Short Form-36 Health Survey (SF-36) was administered, with scores ranging from 0 to 100 across its eight subscales. Higher scores reflect superior health-related quality of life (HRQoL).
Time frame: at enrollment and week 8
Other exercise capacity outcome
Exercise time
Time frame: at enrollment and week 8
Other exercise capacity outcome
The 6-minute walk distance (6MWD, m) , obtained through the 6-minute walk test (6MWT), refers to the maximum distance a patient can walk at their fastest pace on a flat, hard surface within 6 minutes. It is used to evaluate an individual's functional exercise capacity and cardiopulmonary endurance.
Time frame: at enrollment and week 8
Other exercise capacity outcome
Ventilatory anaerobic threshold (VAT, mL/(kg·min)) , a key physiological parameter in cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET), is determined by synchronously monitoring ventilatory parameters during incremental exercise (treadmill/cycle ergometer) and plotting the ventilation-intensity curve. It marks the transition point from predominantly aerobic to anaerobic metabolism during graded exercise.
Time frame: at enrollment and week 8
Other exercise capacity outcome
Ventilation/carbon dioxide (VE/VCO₂, mL/(kg·min)) slope, a key parameter for assessing ventilatory efficiency in cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET), is defined as the linear regression slope of minute ventilation (VE) against carbon dioxide output (VCO₂), reflecting the volume of ventilation required to eliminate 1 liter of CO₂ during exercise.
Time frame: at enrollment and week 8
Leg strength
The Nottingham strength test device is used to assess lower limb muscle strength, with a focus on measuring leg extensor power. By calculating the ratio of power output to body weight (power/weight), it indirectly reflects muscle functional status.
Time frame: at enrollment and week 8
cardiac function
Left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF, %), measured by Doppler echocardiography, is used to assess left ventricular systolic function, representing the percentage of blood pumped out per heartbeat relative to the left ventricular end-diastolic volume.
Time frame: at enrollment and week 8
Blood indices
B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP, pg/mL), a key biomarker for heart failure, is used in the diagnosis and therapeutic monitoring of cardiovascular diseases such as heart failure.
Time frame: at enrollment and week 8
Blood indices
High-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP, mg/L) , an inflammatory biomarker measured by high-sensitivity detection technology, is used for cardiovascular disease risk assessment, infection monitoring, and chronic inflammation evaluation.
Time frame: at enrollment and week 8
Blood indices
Plasma interleukin-6 (IL-6, pg/mL) levels, a multifunctional proinflammatory cytokine, are used to assess systemic inflammation levels
Time frame: at enrollment and week 8
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