This study aims to determine the effect of the Cognitive-Behavioral Intervention Package (CBIP) applied during port catheter needle insertion on pain, anxiety, and fear levels in children aged 6-18 years diagnosed with oncology. Research Hypotheses Between the Cognitive-Behavioral Intervention Package group (G1) and the control group (G2): H1: There is a difference in the mean scores of the Wong-Baker FACES Pain Rating Scale (WB-FPRS) between the groups. H2: There is a difference in the mean scores of the Children's Anxiety Scale between the groups. H3: There is a difference in the mean scores of the Children's Fear Scale between the groups. Prior to the intervention, researchers will administer the scales to the intervention group, followed by the implementation of the CBIP. After the port catheter needle insertion, the scales will be re-administered to evaluate the final levels of pain, anxiety, and fear.
Study Type
INTERVENTIONAL
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Purpose
SUPPORTIVE_CARE
Masking
TRIPLE
Enrollment
54
Before the procedure, the researcher initiated social interaction with the child (cognitive distraction). Next, suggestions regarding the procedure were provided (guidance). A volunteer parent sat beside the child, providing support by holding the child's non-procedural hand. While the nurse performed the port catheter insertion, the researcher applied one of the behavioral distraction techniques chosen by the child during the pre-procedure phase, such as counting, singing, reading a poem, or answering questions (behavioral distraction). Upon completion of the procedure, the researcher provided positive reinforcement by praising the child ("Well done!" and "You were very brave!") and rewarding the child with a star and smiley face sticker on the collar (positive reinforcement).
Kocaeli University Faculty of Health Sciences
İzmit, Kocaeli, Turkey (Türkiye)
Sociodemographic Characteristics Form (SCF)
The form was developed by the researchers based on the literature. It consists of 11 questions addressing the sociodemographic characteristics of parents and children, as well as the status of port catheter needle insertion.
Time frame: At baseline, prior to intervention (Day 1)
Wong-Baker FACES Pain Rating Scale (WB-FPRS)
Pain will be assessed using the Wong-Baker FACES Pain Rating Scale (WB-FPRS) and completed by the child before and after the port catheter needle insertion. Scores range from 0 to 5, where 0 indicates no pain and 5 indicates unbearable pain.
Time frame: Before and after port catheter needle insertion (Day 1).
Children's Fear Scale (CFS)
Fear will be assessed using the Children's Fear Scale (CFS) by the child, parent, and researcher before and after the port catheter needle insertion. Scores range from 0 to 4, where 0 indicates no fear and 4 indicates extreme fear.
Time frame: Before and after port catheter needle insertion (Day 1).
Children's Anxiety Scale-State (CAS-S)
Anxiety will be assessed using the Children's Anxiety Scale-State (CAS-S) as reported by the child, parent, and researcher before and after the port catheter needle insertion. Scores range from 0 to 5, where 0 indicates no anxiety and 5 indicates extreme anxiety.
Time frame: Before and after port catheter needle insertion (Day 1).
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