The purpose of this research study is to see if ketamine infusion during surgery can decrease pain after surgery. Ketamine is a medication commonly used as part of anesthesia during surgery and is approved by the US FDA. Patients will be randomized to either receive standard anesthesia with OR without ketamine. The surgical procedure will be the same regardless of which group patients are randomized to. After surgery, patients will be asked to rate their pain in the post-operative observation unit and at their two-week post-operative visit. No additional visits are required for participation in this study. The investigators estimate the surveys will take approximately 10 minutes to complete.
Study Type
INTERVENTIONAL
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Purpose
TREATMENT
Masking
DOUBLE
Participants will receive general anesthesia with protocoled ketamine infusion
University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center
Cleveland, Ohio, United States
change in pain as measured by visual analog scale
A Visual Analog Scale (VAS) is a tool for patients to rate their pain on a 100mm line, where "no pain" is at one end and "worst pain imaginable" is at the other.
Time frame: approximately post-operative day 0 and 14
Intraoperative opioid consumption as measured by anesthesia charting
Reported in morphine equivalents
Time frame: Intraoperatively up to 8 hours
change in postoperative pain scores measured by numerical rating scale
NRS is a simple and widely used pain assessment tool that asks patients to rate their pain intensity on a scale from 0 (no pain) to 10 (severe pain).
Time frame: approximately postoperative day 0 and 14
incidence of postoperative nausea/vomiting as measured by patient report
Time frame: postoperative day 0
change in total analgesic consumption post-surgery as measured by chart review and patient report
measured in morphine milliequivalents
Time frame: approximately postoperative day 0, 1 and 14
incidence of postoperative delirium as measured by chart review
Time frame: postoperative day 0
change in central sensitization as measured by central sensitization inventory (CSI) score
The CSI consists of 25 questions, each rated on a 0-4 scale (0 = never, 4 = always). The total score ranges from 0 to 100. Higher scores indicate a greater degree of central sensitization.
Time frame: approximately postoperative day 0 and 14
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