Juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) is the primary rheumatic disease reported to affect the pediatric population. Research suggests that parents' thoughts and feelings about their child's pain, specifically with JIA diagnosis, may influence treatment compliance. Considering that this situation may also affect children's adherence to treatment, the identification and management of parents' catastrophizing of pain is emphasized as important in improving treatment outcomes. This study aimed to examine the biopsychosocial characteristics of parents of children diagnosed with JIA according to their reported catastrophizing of pain.
Study Type
OBSERVATIONAL
Enrollment
50
Scales will be applied to cases diagnosed with JIA and their parents
Hacettepe University
Çankaya, Ankara, Turkey (Türkiye)
RECRUITINGPain Catastrophizing Scale-Parent (PCS-P)
It is assessed using a 5-point Likert scale ranging from 0 (never) to 4 (always) and consists of 13 items. Similar to the child questionnaire, it assesses 3 domains: rumination, magnification, and helplessness. A total score between 0 and 52 is obtained; higher scores reflect a higher level of catastrophizing in parents.
Time frame: Baseline
Pain Catastrophizing Scale-Children (PCS-C)
Consists of 13 items that describe the different thoughts and feelings children may experience when they feel pain. The questionnaire measures three domains: rumination, magnification, and helplessness. All items are rated on a 5-point Likert scale ranging from 0 (never) to 4 (always). Higher scores indicate more catastrophic pain beliefs. The total score ranges from 0 to 52.
Time frame: Baseline
Juvenile Arthritis Biopsychosocial Scale-JAB-Q-Patient
It is a patient/parent-centered measurement method that helps assess the patient's biopsychosocial aspects, such as disease activity, posture, functional and psychosocial status, fatigue, and school performance. The results from the questions are used to assess the functional status of children, while their psychosocial status is recorded based on their answers to 21 questions (ranging from 0 to 358). A high score indicates a poor psychosocial status.
Time frame: Baseline
Childhood Health Assessment Questionnaire (CHAQ)
The CHAQ assesses the functional abilities of children diagnosed with rheumatic diseases in their daily living activities. It consists of eight subscales (dressing and personal care, standing up, eating, walking, body care, reaching, grasping, activities) (0-3) and also assesses pain and general well-being using a visual analog scale (0-100). A high score indicates low functionality.
Time frame: Baseline
Juvenile Arthritis Quality of Life Questionnaire (JAQQ)
It consists of 74 items covering various health domains, including physical functioning, emotional well-being, and general symptoms. The items are divided into four dimensions related to the child's quality of life: gross motor function (GMF), fine motor function (FMF), psychosocial function (PF), and systemic or general symptoms (SGS). Each domain is scored on a Likert-type scale from 1 to 7; higher scores indicate poorer health-related quality of life. There is also a "not applicable to me" option for the items. The scale also includes a pain measurement (10 cm Visual Analog Scale (VAS)) to assess pain, but this score is not included in the total score.
Time frame: Baseline
Juvenile Arthritis Biopsychosocial Scale-JAB-Q-Family
JAB-Q is a multidimensional questionnaire and a parent (family) form. Developed in Turkish by Ünal and colleagues, the questionnaire is completed by one of the child's parents. The family form evaluates the parents' biopsychosocial status from their own perspective and provides scores ranging from 0 to 102. Higher scores indicate a worse biopsychosocial status.
Time frame: Baseline
Child and Adolescent Scale of Participation (CASP)
This is a 20-question survey that evaluates the community participation of children and adolescents in school, neighborhood, and local settings. The survey is divided into four sections: 6 questions about home participation, four questions on neighborhood and community involvement, five questions regarding school participation, and five questions on home and community engagement. It is rated on a scale of "expected for their age (full participation), somewhat limited, very limited, unable to participate, and inapplicable." The survey is completed by the child's family or primary caregiver. The person filling out the questionnaire is asked to select the answer that best describes the child's level of participation. The assessment is scored out of 100 points, with higher scores reflecting a greater level of participation.
Time frame: Baseline
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