Virtual Reality-Enhanced Behavioral Activation for Older Adults With Depression

Stanford University30 enrolled

Overview

The primary aims of this study are to assess the feasibility, acceptability, and tolerability of using an immersive virtual reality (VR) headset to engage in behavioral activation (BA) for older adults diagnosed with major depressive disorder (MDD). The secondary aim of this study is to explore the efficacy of using VR to enhance BA therapy in a clinical MDD older adult population.

This research study is looking for older adults with depression to participate in a research study on the use of virtual reality (VR)-enhanced behavioral activation therapy for depression. The purpose of the study is to learn more about using VR to enhance behavioral activation as a treatment for MDD. Behavioral activation is defined as identifying pleasant and/or mastery activities, scheduling them into your calendar, and completing the identified activities during the week. The identification of pleasant and mastery activities will begin in session with a therapist and will include tracking the participant's hourly activities with the activity/ mood monitoring form and identifying how much pleasure and/or mastery the participant may feel when completing these activities. The following session, the participant and therapist will be able to identify patterns and discuss how to decrease unhelpful behaviors and explore the participant's interests and values to increase positive behaviors. The clinician will explain how to use the loaned VR headset, which looks similar to glasses. The participant will be asked to choose VR activities of interest to complete in between sessions and schedule them into their activity scheduling sheet. They will be asked to rate their mood before and after engaging with the VR headset. A discussion of barriers to completion and problem-solving will also be discussed in session. Once per week, the participant will also be asked to complete a post-VR questionnaire which will ask questions about presence felt in the headset, any physical discomfort while in the headset, and their feelings about the headset. During the last session, treatment and skills will be reviewed and the participant will be asked to provide verbal feedback.

Study Type

INTERVENTIONAL

Allocation

Purpose

TREATMENT

Eligibility

Sex: ALLMin age: 65 Years

Medical Language ↔ Plain English

Inclusion Criteria: * Patient must meet DSM V criteria for MDD * Patient must be at least 65 years of age * Patient must be English speaking * Without cognitive impairment Exclusion Criteria: * Substance Use Disorders in past year * Any psychosis or bipolar I disorder * Any seizure in the last 6 months or untreated epilepsy * Current nonsuicidal self-injury or parasuicidal behavior * Current suicidal urges and intent * Changing psychotherapy treatment within three months of study entry * Changing psychotropic medication(s) within two months of study entry

Outcomes

Primary Outcomes

Change in Depression Scores on the GDS-15 From Baseline to Session 5

How participants' depression scores on the Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS-15) change over time using VR-enhanced BA. The GDS-15 is a 15-question screener with a score range of 0-15, with 15 indicating the most severe depression and 0 indicating a lack of depression symptoms. The greater the change over time, the greater the symptom reduction.

Time frame: Assessed at the beginning of sessions 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 (days 1, 8, 15, 22, and 29)

Secondary Outcomes

Participant's Desire to Continue Using Virtual Reality (VR) After the Study Ends

This outcome was measured using the "Intention to use Technology " questions of the Technology Acceptance Model questionnaire. These are questions 11, 12, and 13 and allow participants the option of circling Strongly Disagree (0), Disagree (1), Neutral (2), Agree (3), or Strongly Agree (4). With 3 questions, the total range was 0-12 (higher scores indicate greater acceptance).