Perioperative anxiety remains a prevalent and significant concern for patients undergoing surgery, with substantial impacts on postoperative pain perception, patient satisfaction and recovery. Historically, anxiolytics (e.g. benzodiazepines) were often routinely administered preoperatively in this context, accepting the potential negative side effects of pharmacotherapy. In recent literature, there is an increasing focus on alternative, non-pharmacological methods for anxiety reduction, such as music, music therapy, virtual reality, and hypnosis. Music can represent an effective and cost-efficient option to reduce perioperative anxiety and stress. Most randomized controlled trials on this topic (music group vs. non-music group) have been conducted in pediatric patient populations, often showing significant results (i.e. significantly less anxiety in the music group, measured using standardized scales or inventories). In adult patient populations, considerably fewer randomized controlled trials with music interventions for perioperative anxiety reduction have been conducted so far. This study aims to evaluate the role of music during anesthesia induction and emergence for perioperative anxiety reduction in a randomized controlled trial. Patients will be randomized preoperatively into either the intervention group (50 patients, music) or the control group (50 patients, no music), and a baseline level of preoperative anxiety will be assessed using the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI). In the intervention group, music of the patient's choice will be played starting from their arrival in the operating room during anesthesia induction, and again after the end of surgery during emergence from anesthesia. Afterwards, the effects of the music intervention on the patients' subjective well-being will be assessed in the intervention group postoperatively before discharge from the recovery room using four specific questions. In both groups, the State Anxiety Inventory (SAI) portion of the STAI will also be administered and the results compared. In addition, the NASA Task Load Index will be administered to the attending anesthesiologists in both groups to evaluate whether the subjective workload of the anesthesiologists changes as a result of the music intervention.
Study Type
INTERVENTIONAL
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Purpose
SUPPORTIVE_CARE
Masking
NONE
Enrollment
100
Music as per patient choice
Medical University of Vienna
Vienna, Vienna, Austria
RECRUITINGImpact of listening to self-selected music during anesthesia induction and emergence on patient well-being
The primary objective of this randomized controlled trial is to assess the impact of listening to self-selected music during anesthesia induction and emergence on patient well-being, as measured by four specific questions: 1. I enjoyed listening to the music I chose, during the anesthesia induction and emergence. 2. Listening to the music I chose, during anesthesia induction and emergence had an anxiety relieving effect. 3. Listening to the music I chose, during anesthesia induction and emergence had a stress-relieving effect. 4. The next time I have a general anesthesia, I would like to listen to self-selected music during anesthesia induction and emergence. These questions will be answered using a Likert scale (strongly disagree - disagreee - neither agree nor disagree - agree - strongly agree).
Time frame: Postoperatively before discharge from the post-anesthesia care unit (PACU)
Sex-specific differences regarding the primary objective
Time frame: Postoperatively before discharge from the post-anesthesia care unit (PACU)
State Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI)
State Anxiety Inventory (SAI): pre- and postoperatively Trait Anxiety Inventory (TAI): preoperatively
Time frame: Pre- and postoperatively
NASA Task Load Index (attending anesthesiologist)
The NASA Task Load Index will be completed twice by the attending anesthesiologist in the presence of the study team: once after anesthesia induction, once patient stability and adequate anesthesia are confirmed, and again after anesthesia delivery, once the patient is stable in the post-anesthesia care unit (PACU) and all relevant information has been relayed to the PACU team.
Time frame: After anesthesia induction + after handover to the post-anesthesia care unit (PACU) team
Attempts at airway management
Intubation attempts Attempts to place a laryngeal mask
Time frame: After anesthesia induction
Adverse events
Including but not limited to: Difficult intubation \> 3 attempts Respiratory complications (e.g. bronchospasm, laryngospasm) Hemodynamic complications (severe hypotension (MAP \>50 for more than 5 minutes), severe bradycardia (heart rate \< 40)) Cardiac arrest
Time frame: During surgery
Postoperative pain in the post-anesthesia care unit (PACU)
Opioid equivalents Non-opioid analgetic medication
Time frame: During the stay in the post-anesthesia care unit (PACU)
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