Metabolic Effects of Short-term Ultra-processed Food Intake (MEST-UPF)

Göteborg University24 enrolled

Overview

The overall aim of this project is to study the effects of short-term high ultra-processed food intake, compared to nutrient- and energy density matched low ultra-processed food (UPF) intake, on energy intake and appetite. A total of 24 men and women who meet all inclusion criteria and none of the exclusion criteria will be invited to participate. A randomized 2\*2 factorial four-way crossover study will be conducted at the Department of Internal medicine and Clinical Nutrition at the University of Gothenburg, comparing a high-UPF meal to a low-UPF meal also with high and/or low energy density. A supervised breakfast meal will be served, and postprandial blood samples and appetite measures will be collected continuously up to 4 hours after the breakfast meal. Subsequently, an ad libitum lunch meal will be served, and energy intake will be recorded.

Study Type

INTERVENTIONAL

Allocation

RANDOMIZED

Purpose

PREVENTION

Masking

SINGLE

Enrollment

Conditions

Appetite Obesity and Obesity-related Medical Conditions

Interventions

Eligibility

Sex: ALLMin age: 18 YearsMax age: 50 YearsHealthy volunteers:

Medical Language ↔ Plain English

Inclusion Criteria: * Body mass index (BMI) 18.5-30 kg/m2 * Fasting glucose \< 6.1 mmol/l * Hb \>110 g/L * Weight stability the last 3 months +/-5% Exclusion Criteria: * Food allergies, intolerances or preferences preventing consumption of any products included in the study. * Unable to sufficiently understand written and spoken Swedish or English to provide written consent and understand information and instructions from the study personal. * Pregnant, lactating or planning a pregnancy during the study period. * Blood donation or participation in a clinical study with blood sampling within 30 days prior to screening visit and throughout the study. * History of gastrointestinal conditions or major gastrointestinal surgery (Inflammatory bowel disease, Crohn's disease, malabsorption, colostomy, bowel resection, gastric bypass surgery etc.). * Type 1 diabetes or type 2 diabetes. * Thyroid disorder. * Current smoking, vaping. * Following any weight reduction program or having followed one during the last 6 months prior to screening. * Not habitually eating breakfast (\<5 times/week). * Restrained eating based on the three-factor eating questionnaire.

Outcomes

Primary Outcomes

Self-reported appetite

Appetite ratings (hunger, fullness, and desire to eat) will be assessed using separate 100-mm Visual Analogue Scales (VAS), anchored with "not at all" (0 mm) and "extremely" (100 mm). Higher scores indicate greater perceived intensity.

Time frame: Baseline to 8 hours after test meal

Energy intake

Energy intake estimated by nutrient calculation of leftover food at the ad libitum lunch meal

Time frame: 4 hours after test meal

Gastrointestinal hormones - incretins

Difference between groups in incretins GIP and GLP-1 in response to meal

Time frame: Baseline to 4 hours after test meal

Gastrointestinal hormones - cholecystokinin

Difference between groups in cholecystokinin in response to meal

Time frame: Baseline to 4 hours after test meal

Gastrointestinal hormones - peptide YY

Difference between groups in peptide YY (PYY) in response to meal

Time frame: Baseline to 4 hours after test meal

Gastrointestinal hormones - ghrelin

Difference between groups in ghrelin in response to meal

Time frame: Baseline to 4 hours after test meal

Secondary Outcomes

Eating rate

Time it takes to eat the study meal until satisfied

Time frame: Baseline til end of study meal

Glucose postprandial

Difference between groups in postprandial glucose in response to meal.

Time frame: Baseline to 4 hours after test meal

Insulin postprandial

Difference between groups in postprandial insulin in response to meal.

Time frame: Baseline to 4 hours after test meal

Lipid metabolism

Difference between groups in postprandial lipid metabolism in response to meal.

Time frame: Baseline to 4 hours after test meal

Metabolome

Differences between groups in metabolome (plasma) measured using metabolomics in response to meals.

Time frame: Baseline to 4 hours after test meal

Proteome

Differences between groups in proteome (plasma) measured using proteomics in response to meals.

Time frame: Baseline to 4 hours after test meal

Self-reported prospective energy intake

Self-reported prospective energy intake during the remainder of the day

Time frame: From 30 min until midnight or bedtime (which ever comes first)

Inflammatory markers in blood - cytokines

Differences between groups in immunological responses (cytokines) in response to meal.

Time frame: Baseline to 4 hours after test meal

Inflammatory markers in blood - lipopolysaccharides

Differences between groups in immunological responses (lipopolysaccharides) in response to meal.

Time frame: Baseline to 4 hours after test meal

Inflammatory markers in blood - GlycA

Differences between groups in immunological responses (GlycA) in response to meal.

Time frame: Baseline to 4 hours after test meal

Lipid profile

Differences between groups in lipid profile (plasma) measured using lipidomics in response to meals.

Time frame: Baseline to 4 hours after test meal

Metabolic Effects of Short-term Ultra-processed Food Intake (MEST-UPF)

Overview

Conditions

Interventions

Eligibility

Locations (1)

Outcomes

Primary Outcomes

Secondary Outcomes

Central Contacts