Single Shot Exparel vs Catheters in Lower Extremity Trauma

Phase 4RecruitingNCT07221019

George Washington University90 enrolled

Overview

This study will compare the use of single-shot Exparel, a long-acting local anesthestic, with the use of catheters that deliver a continuous flow of the short-acting local anesthetic ropivacaine. The comparison will be done in patients who receive preoperative adductor and sciatic nerve blocks prior to orthopedic surgery for traumatic lower extremity injury. The patients' pain will then be monitored for up to 72 hours after injection, measuring every 12 hours after injection until the 72-hour mark. Opioid consumption (measured in morphine milligram equivalents) will also be tracked over this time period.

The use of Exparel has been widely criticized over the past few years with regard to its efficacy compared to perineural catheters and whether or not it truly lasts 72 hours, as is often advertised. However, it is still used in many centers for the proposed increased duration of action and ease of use compared to indwelling catheters, which require a greater degree of monitoring and follow-up for removal. Various studies conducted have looked at the efficacy of Exparel and have found no superiority over nerve blocks with other local anesthetic agents. However, nerve blocks with catheters have never been directly compared to exparel injections for pain control. As such, the goal of this study is to elucidate whether there truly is a difference between the two. In this study, the study team will compare preoperative adductor and sciatic nerve blocks with exparel versus catheters in orthopedic surgery patients who present with a traumatic lower extremity injury. Exparel has been documented to increase the duration of a nerve block by up to 72 hours. Studies comparing exparel single shot versus bupivacaine single shot have favored for the latter, which pharmacodynamically makes sense. A liposomal compound which slowly denatures to present an active component would seemingly be unlikely to match up against the higher concentration of said active component flood the desired site of action. In our study, the study team plans to measure the duration of the block with the addition of exparel in comparison to the duration of the block with a catheter which is connected to a pump continuously infusing a set rate of local anesthetics. Our primary research question is whether there is a statistically significant difference in pain control for 72 hours post-op in lower extremity orthopedic trauma when using Exparel versus a short-acting local anesthetic supplied via continuous infusion, in this case ropivacaine.

Study Type

INTERVENTIONAL

Interventions

BupivacaineDRUG

Patients will receive the ERAS standard of care which includes gabapentin, Tylenol, and Toradol or Celebrex preoperatively as well as 20 cc of 0.25% bupivacaine with 10 cc of Exparel injected in the adductor space followed by 30 cc of 0.25% bupivacaine with 10 cc of Exparel in the sciatic nerve block. Injections will be completed by an anesthesia provider using astandard aseptic technique with ultrasound guidance. A 22 gauge 5-10cm needle is inserted with direct visualization under ultrasound and 2-5 cc aliquots are injected with aspiration repeated to ensure no vascular injury or injection until a total of 30 cc is injected into the adductor space and 40 cc is injected into the area surrounding the sciatic nerve. Exparel in this situation is being used off-label given that it is not FDA-approved for lower extremity nerve blocks. However, Exparel is commonly used in other nerve blocks and is FDA-approved for blocks such as the interscalene brachial plexus block.

Exparel + BupivacaineDRUG

Patients will receive the ERAS standard of care which includes gabapentin, Tylenol, and Toradol or Celebrex preoperatively as well as 20 cc of 0.25% bupivacaine injected in the adductor space followed by 30 cc of 0.25% bupivacaine in the sciatic nerve block. Injections will be completed by an anesthesia provider in the same manner as above. Catheters will be left in both spaces with post-operative pumps running 0.2% ropivacaine at 8 cc/hr.