Access to Care Pilot for ED-Presenting Head and Neck Cancer Patients (ENRICH-HNC)

Overview

Patients diagnosed with head and neck cancer (HNC) after presenting to an emergency department (ED) often face significant delays in diagnosis and treatment. These patients are frequently younger, underinsured, and experience multiple socioeconomic and systems-level barriers to accessing timely cancer care. Delays of more than 30 days have been associated with worse outcomes, including higher recurrence rates and reduced survival. This pilot study will evaluate the feasibility and early impact of a community-based navigation program designed to improve access to timely care for ED-presenting HNC patients. The study embeds trained Community Health Support Specialists (CHSS) from the Engaging Navigators to Reduce Inequities in Cancer Health (ENRICH) program into the ED-to-treatment pathway. After ED discharge, CHSS staff will contact participants by telephone or text message to identify barriers to care-such as transportation, insurance, housing, or communication challenges-and connect them with appropriate community or institutional resources. All participants will receive the CHSS navigation intervention. Outcomes will be compared with a historical cohort of similar ED-presenting HNC patients treated prior to program implementation. The primary outcomes are time from ED discharge to diagnostic biopsy and time from ED discharge to initiation of definitive treatment. Secondary outcomes include feasibility, measured as the proportion of participants who complete CHSS navigation, and exploratory analyses of the types of barriers identified and resolved. Findings from this pilot will generate preliminary data to inform larger studies aimed at improving access, reducing disparities, and accelerating treatment for head and neck cancer patients who first present in the emergency setting.

This is a single-arm, prospective pilot study evaluating the feasibility and process impact of embedding Community Health Support Specialist (CHSS) navigation within the emergency department (ED)-to-treatment pathway for patients with newly suspected or newly diagnosed head and neck cancer (HNC). The study will be conducted at two University of Tennessee Health Science Center (UTHSC)-affiliated hospitals: Methodist University Hospital and Regional One Health. Eligible participants are adults aged 18 years or older who present to the ED with a new or suspected HNC involving the oral cavity, oropharynx, hypopharynx, larynx, salivary glands, skin, sinonasal region, nasopharynx, thyroid, or an unknown primary. Patients with prior established oncology care for HNC, those enrolled in hospice, incarcerated individuals, or patients who cannot be contacted by telephone will be excluded. During routine clinical care in the ED, otolaryngology residents identify potentially eligible patients and introduce the study using an IRB-approved consent disclosure statement. ED activities are limited to screening and obtaining permission to contact; no informed consent or HIPAA authorization occurs in the ED. After ED discharge, a trained study team member conducts the full informed consent process electronically using REDCap eConsent. Participants may review the consent form remotely with study staff and provide electronic signature with date/time acknowledgment. Only participants who complete electronic informed consent and HIPAA authorization are enrolled. Following enrollment, CHSS specialists initiate outreach within 72 hours of ED discharge and provide structured, non-clinical navigation support through at least two telephone or text-based contacts prior to initiation of definitive cancer treatment. CHSS activities focus on identifying and addressing barriers to care, including transportation challenges, insurance or financial barriers, housing instability, and communication gaps. CHSS staff do not provide medical advice, schedule clinical appointments, or alter treatment plans. All encounters are documented using standardized REDCap case report forms. The primary outcomes are (1) time from ED discharge to diagnostic biopsy and (2) time from ED discharge to initiation of definitive treatment. Secondary outcomes include feasibility, measured as the proportion of enrolled participants who complete CHSS navigation. Exploratory outcomes describe the types of social barriers identified, the proportion of barriers resolved, and patterns of navigation support. Study data are entered and stored in REDCap, a secure, HIPAA-compliant database hosted by UTHSC. Outcomes for the pilot cohort will be compared with a historical control group of similar ED-presenting HNC patients treated at UTHSC-affiliated hospitals in the 24 months preceding program implementation. Analyses will use descriptive, non-parametric, and regression methods to estimate feasibility metrics and effect sizes to inform future multi-site studies. This study is funded through the UTHSC Cancer Center's Access to Cancer Care Pilot Project and builds upon the Tennessee Department of Health-supported ENRICH program, which deploys CHSS specialists to reduce disparities in cancer care. Results will inform potential expansion of this navigation model to improve equity, timeliness, and outcomes for head and neck cancer patients presenting through the emergency department.