Pistachio Intake and Nutrition-Related Outcomes in Individuals on GLP-1 Therapy

Change is Satiety as measured by the Hunger and Satiety Visual Analog Scales (VAS)

Participants will rate their perceived hunger, fullness, and desire to eat on a 100-mm scale, with endpoints ranging from "not at all" to "extremely" for each category.

Time frame: Baseline, End of study (12 weeks)

Change in fatigue as measured by the Fatigue Severity VAS-F Survey

Each item is presented on a 100-mm scale, with endpoints labeled to reflect the extremes of the sensation being measured (e.g., "Not at all tired" to "Extremely tired"). Participants will complete the VAS-F at consistent times of the day to minimize variability. Scores will be recorded both before and after meals to capture potential fluctuations in energy levels.

Time frame: Baseline, End of study (12 weeks)

Change in mood/well-being as measured by the Mental clarity, energy levels, and motivation VAS.

Each item is presented on a 100-mm scale, with endpoints labeled to reflect the extremes of being measured ranging from, for example, "not at all" to "extremely".

Time frame: Baseline, End of study (12 weeks)

Change in dietary quality as measured by Healthy Eating Index (HEI)

HEI scores measure how well a diet aligns with the Dietary Guidelines for Americans. The scores range from 0 to 100, with higher scores indicating foods align with key dietary recommendations and dietary patterns published in the Dietary Guidelines.

Time frame: Baseline, End of study (12 weeks)

Change in food enjoyment as measured by the Food Pleasure Scale (FPS)

The FPS is a validated 21-item tool designed to measure multiple dimensions of food-related enjoyment, including sensory characteristics (appearance, odor, taste, texture), expectations and desires (memories, habits, expectations, choices, needs), and other relevant factors. The importance of each item in relation to general pleasurable experiences of food is rated on a 5-point ordinal scale ranging from 1 ("Not important at all") to 5 ("Extremely important").

Time frame: Baseline, End of study (12 weeks)

Change in fasting glucose as measured by medical record review

Time frame: Baseline, End of study (12 weeks)

Change in HbA1c as measured by medical record review

Time frame: Baseline, End of study (12 weeks)

Change in total cholesterol as measured by medical record review

Time frame: Baseline, End of study (12 weeks)

Change in LDL-C as measured by medical record review

Time frame: Baseline, End of study (12 weeks)

Change in HDL-C as measured by medical record review

Time frame: Baseline, End of study (12 weeks)

Change in triglycerides as measured by medical record review

Time frame: Baseline, End of study (12 weeks)

Change in physical activity as measured by International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ)

The IPAQ short form consists of 7 questions designed to assess physical activity levels over the past 7 days in adults. The score is calculated using published guidelines and ranges from 0 to infinity and measures physical activity in median median MET-minutes/week. This is a continuous measure and is calculated as: Total MET-min/week = (Walk METs\*min\*days) + (Moderate activity METs\*min\*days) + Vigorous activity METs\*min\*days).

Time frame: Baseline, End of study (12 weeks)