Ageing exposes people to a progressive loss of cognitive and functional abilities, especially in women. The aim of the study is to investigate the effectiveness of different types of intervention, based on physical exercise and/or cognitive stimulation or training, on quality of life, cognition and mobility, on a population of older women.
Study Type
INTERVENTIONAL
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Purpose
TREATMENT
Masking
SINGLE
Enrollment
124
The exercise program includes 75-minute training sessions twice a week, for a total of 24 training sessions over 12 weeks. Each training session will be divided into a warm-up, training phase and cool-down, and will include aerobic exercises, resistance training, balance exercises, mobility exercises and stretching.
In addition to the exercise program, participants will be given a series of cognitive exercises aimed at improving prospective memory through the performance of certain oral tasks, administered by a member of the research team. All cognitive exercises will be adapted to the cognitive abilities of the participants.
Esercizio Vita
Ferrara, Italy
Executive function and processing speed by the Trail Making Test (TMT)
TMT is neuropsychological test that assesses a person's cognitive function, specifically focusing on visual attention, processing speed, and executive function. The test consists of two parts, the score is based on the time it takes to complete each part, with shorter times indicating better performance.
Time frame: Baseline; end of the program (3-month); Follow-up (6-month)
Quality of life by the Quality of Life in Alzheimer's Disease (QOL-AD) questionnaire
QOL-AD consists of 13 questions covering various aspects of daily life, such as physical health, energy, mood, relationships and the ability to enjoy enjoyable activities. The combined scores of the patient and caregiver provide a more comprehensive and accurate picture of the person's overall well-being. The scale has a score ranging from 13 (lowest quality of life) to 52 (highest quality of life). This measure will be collected in people with MCI only
Time frame: Baseline; end of the program (3-month); Follow-up (6-month)
Quality of life assessed by the short-form 36 (SF-36) questionnaire
This is a generic questionnaire that contains 36 questions referring to 8 specific domains related to patient health over the previous 4 weeks. For each specific domain, the score ranges from 0 (lowest quality of life) to 100 (highest quality of life).
Time frame: Baseline; end of the program (3-month); Follow-up (6-month)
Cognition assessed by the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA)
MoCA is a 30-point test evaluates cognitive function. Its primary purpose is to detect mild cognitive impairment (MCI). The score goes from 0 (maximal cognitive deficit) to 30 (normal cognitive function).
Time frame: Baseline; end of the program (3-month); Follow-up (6-month)
Walking endurance assessed by the 6-Minute Walking Test (6MWT)
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In addition to the exercise program, participants will receive a short video lasting less than 10 minutes on their smartphone or tablet before the exercise session (or at home). At the end of the video, they will be asked to complete a 10-question questionnaire (also delivered via smartphone or tablet) with True or False answer options.
The patients will be instructed to walk back and forth on a 20-meter corridor aiming at covering as much distance as possible. The total distance covered (6MWD) will be measured in meters
Time frame: Baseline; end of the program (3-month); Follow-up (6-month)
Physical performance assessed using the Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB)
It is a specific assessment for the elderly population, consisting of three functional tests that measure postural stability, the ability to walk safely, and lower limb muscle strength. The scale goes from 0 (lowest functional ability) to 12 (highest functional ability).
Time frame: Baseline; end of the program (3-month); Follow-up (6-month)
Manual grip strength using the Handgrip Test (HT).
The test is performed using a dynamometer: the subject grabs the handle of the device with maximum strength, and the maximum value of force expressed in kilograms is recorded.
Time frame: Baseline; end of the program (3-month); Follow-up (6-month)
Sleep quality and related disorders through the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI)
It refers to the last 30 days and analyses seven components. The total score ranges from 0 to 21. A score above 5 indicates poor sleep quality.
Time frame: Baseline; end of the program (3-month); Follow-up (6-month)
Frontal and prefrontal cerebral perfusion using near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS).
Changes in brain metabolism will be assessed using NIRS with a system consisting of 16 sources and 16 detectors emitting two wavelengths of light in the near infrared range. Recording using the non-invasive fNIRS method will take place during the TMT.
Time frame: Baseline; end of the program (3-month); Follow-up (6-month)