Purpose: This study aimed to evaluate whether virtual reality technology positively affects patients' pain and anxiety throughout the entire procedure of implantation of cardiac pacemakers, defibrillators, or cardiac resynchronisation therapy.
Methods: From January 2024 to Mai 2025, 111 Patients undergoing implantation of cardiac single-chamber or dual-chamber pacemakers or defibrillators and cardiac resynchronisation therapy were randomized to either a control group (n=55) or an intervention group (n=56). The control group received standard preoperative care using local anaesthesia and on-demand conscious sedation. A virtual reality headset was used in the intervention group in addition to the standard care intraoperatively. The State-Trait Anxiety Inventory-State (STAI-S) questionnaire was filled out by patients preoperative and immediate postoperative to best determine their perioperative state anxiety.
Study Type
INTERVENTIONAL
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Purpose
TREATMENT
Masking
NONE
Enrollment
111
A virtual reality headset was used during the study with the purpose of distracting the patients from painful and stressful stimuli in the operation room to decrease their anxiety and pain perception
West german heart and vascular center, University hospital Essen,
Essen, North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany
Preoperative baseline to immediate postoperative anxiety change using State-Trait Anxiety Inventory-State (STAI-S) questionnaire score (Score range between 20 - 80, higher score means greater state anxiety)
The perioperative anxiety change of patients defined as reduction in STAI-S anxiety scores from preoperative to immediate postoperative was compared between the groups as the primary endpoint of the study
Time frame: From enrolment to immediate postoperative
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