This study is a nationwide multicenter, single-arm, retrospective study. The study aims to conduct a detailed analysis of operation-related parameters, aesthetic outcomes (e.g., BREAST-Q scores and Harris scores), and safety (e.g., surgical complication rates) in delayed endoscopic direct-to-implant breast reconstruction via the axillary approach.
Breast cancer is the most common malignancy in women, with mastectomy remaining the predominant surgical approach in many regions-often leaving patients with psychological distress from breast loss. With the progress of treatment, patients' survival is prolonged and their quality of life is improved, so the demand for breast reconstruction is increasing. The two-stage implant-based breast reconstruction (TS-IBR) often needs two procedures, two anesthetics, and multiple hospital visits for the injection of water into the expander-costs that increase both financially and in time, ultimately affecting their work and daily routines. Ultimately, whether the procedure reopens the original scar or makes a new incision on the chest-and despite the skin being gradually expanded using an expander-there remains a high risk of dehiscence, implant exposure, infection, and even implant removal. Another method for breast reconstruction after total mastectomy is autologous breast reconstruction (ABR), which doesn't need a second operation. Still, it has serious scar problems and increases the risk of donor-site trauma and complications. Additionally, sensation and function at the donor site may be somewhat reduced, and both sites will likely have large scars, which can significantly impact the aesthetic results. Therefore, the investigators need to find a simple, efficient, and safe method. The investigators developed the reverse-sequence endoscopic nipple-sparing mastectomy (R-E-NSM) with direct-to-implant breast reconstruction (DIBR), which changes the surgical sequence, makes the operation simple, and realizes immediate breast reconstruction. Inspired by endoscopic breast augmentation methods through the axillary incision, our team also developed a novel technique called delayed endoscopic direct-to-implant breast reconstruction (DEDTI-BR). Clinical practice shows that this technique is also suitable for patients after total mastectomy. This technique utilizes seroma for natural skin expansion, eliminates secondary operations, and preserves aesthetics without additional scars-significantly improving patients' quality of life. Despite its theoretical benefits, clinical evidence validating its efficacy and safety is currently lacking. Therefore, the investigators plan to conduct a nationwide, multicenter, single-arm, retrospective study, analyzing operation-related parameters, aesthetic outcomes (e.g., BREAST-Q scores and Harris scores), and safety (e.g., surgical complication rates) in DEDTI-BR via the axillary approach. Our goal is to inform and guide clinical practice.
Study Type
INTERVENTIONAL
Allocation
NA
Purpose
TREATMENT
Masking
NONE
Enrollment
150
This technique allows for breast reconstruction in a single operation. Taking dual-plane breast reconstruction as an example, preoperative marking lines are drawn to indicate the contour and inframammary fold of the reconstructed breast. A 4-5 cm axillary incision is placed one finger-breadth below the axillary apex. After making the skin incision, the plane between the pectoralis major and minor muscles is identified and dissected, extending approximately 2 cm below the previous mastectomy horizontal scar. The inner and lower parts of the pectoralis major muscle were then separated. Proceed to the subcutaneous layer and continue to dissociate the flap until it reaches the pre-designed folds and the breast boundary. The use of the TiLOOP® Bra depends on the thickness of the patient's flap. Finally, the prosthesis is placed behind the pectoralis major muscle for breast reconstruction.
West China hospital of Sichuan University
Chengdu, Sichuan, China
The patient's satisfaction with the breasts
Satisfaction with the breast of the BREAST-Q scale. The BREAST-Q is commonly used to assess health-related satisfaction and quality of life in patients who have undergone breast reconstruction after mastectomy. Responses for each subscale are scored from 0 to 100, with higher scores indicating better outcomes.
Time frame: postoperative 6-month
The surgical safety
Surgical complication rates, including flap scald, NAC ischemia/necrosis, seroma, surgical area infection, bleeding, incision splitting, flap ischemia/necrosis
Time frame: postoperative 6-month
The aesthetic outcomes
BREAST-Q scale (physical well-being: chest, psychosocial well-being, sexual well-being) and Harris scale. The BREAST-Q is commonly used to assess health-related satisfaction and quality of life in patients who have undergone breast reconstruction after mastectomy. Responses for each subscale are scored from 0 to 100, with higher scores indicating better outcomes. The Harris score is used to evaluate the postoperative cosmetic outcome, which is classified as excellent, good, general, and poor.
Time frame: postoperative 6-month
The implant-assisted complications
Implant-assisted complication rates, including rippling, prosthesis outline appearance, capsular contraction, animation deformity, pectoralis major pain, pectoralis major muscle spasm
Time frame: postoperative 6-month
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