Effect of Buteyko Breathing Exercise Combined With Postural Stability Exercises on Maximal Oxygen Consumption in Young Adult Smokers

Yasmeen Alaa Abd El-Hamied Ahmeed46 enrolled

Overview

Background: Smoking is one of the most significant risk factors for respiratory diseases, affecting both lung function and overall respiratory health. The harmful chemicals in tobacco smoke, contribute to airway inflammation, oxidative stress, and structural lung damage. Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate effect of Buteyko breathing exercise combined with postural stability exercises on maximal oxygen consumption, pulmonary functions, oxygen saturation, functional capacity, and perceived exertion in young adult smokers. Subjects and procedures: Forty male smokers were recruit-ed from Nahda university. Their age ranged between 18-30 years. They were randomly assigned into 2 groups equal in number. Study Group: They participated in 6 weeks training with Buteyko breathing exercise combined with postural stability exercises (3 sessions per week) Control group: They weren't exposed to any intervention. Both groups were assessed by using pulse oximeter to measure oxy-gen saturation, Spirostilk to measure pulmonary functions, Borg scale to measure perceived exertion and six-minute walk test to measure functional capacity and maximal oxygen consumption.

Study Type

INTERVENTIONAL

Allocation

RANDOMIZED

Purpose

TREATMENT

Masking

NONE

Enrollment

Conditions

Smoking ( Cigarette)

Interventions

Buteyko breathing exercise combined with postural stability exercisesOTHER

BBE: The therapist instructs the patient to sit comfortably, breathing naturally through the nose. They should hold their breath until the need to inhale arises, then exhale through the nasal passage. The patient maintains a straight back with feet shoulder-width apart, eyes closed, breathing calmly. After 20-30 seconds, they repeat the exercises for 3 minutes, followed by another pause and repetition. This is done for another 3 minutes, ending with a 2-minute rest before the next session. Duration: 15 minutes. PSE :Warming up phase: shoulder circles and twist torso during walking for 5 minutes. Training phase include 10-15 reps per set, 2-4 sets per exercise,30-60 seconds rest period between sets. Cooling down phase includes hold each stretch for 15-30 seconds, 2-4 reps per per side and rest for 15-30 seconds between reps. Bridging Side-lying leg raise Wall push-ups Lateral trunk flexion Chin tuck Stretch pectoralis major muscle,upper trapezius \& SCM All these for 3/week for 6 weeks

Eligibility

Sex: MALEMin age: 18 YearsMax age: 30 Years

Medical Language ↔ Plain English

inclusion criteria * Cigarette Smokers. * Smoking period from 3 to 7 years * They were medically stable. * Age between 18 to 30 years. * Male gender only was allowed to participate. * They had the ability to perform exercises. * Body mass index ranges from 21 to 25. exclusion criteria * Smokers diagnosed with any chronic disease or orthopedic problems. * Mental disorders. * Current intervention for cancer or active infection * Obese their BMI above 26 and athlete people * People who participated in any activity such as walking for long periods and swimming

Outcomes

Primary Outcomes

maximal oxygen consumption

it is the highest rate at which the body can take in, transport, and utilize oxygen during intense exercise. It is considered a key indicator of cardiovascular fitness and endurance performance. Measured in: Milliliters of oxygen per kilogram of body weight per minute (ml/kg/min). it was calculated by estimated method from six minute walk test by this equation 12.701 + (0.06 × 6-minute walk distance m) - (0.732 × body mass indexkg/m2)