This prospective observational study aims to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of different postoperative analgesia methods used in patients undergoing percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL). Analgesia techniques are determined independently by the responsible anesthesiologist as part of routine clinical practice, and the study team does not intervene in treatment decisions.
This is a prospective observational clinical study designed to examine the impact of various postoperative analgesia strategies on pain outcomes in patients undergoing percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL). In routine practice at the participating center, regional block techniques and intravenous analgesia protocols are commonly used, and different anesthesiologists may choose different postoperative analgesia approaches. All patients will undergo standard general anesthesia according to institutional protocols. Intraoperative monitoring will include heart rate, mean arterial pressure, oxygen saturation, duration of surgery, opioid consumption, and intraoperative complications. Postoperative follow-up will include assessment of pain scores (NRS) at 0, 2, 6, 12, and 24 hours, cumulative opioid consumption, need for rescue analgesics, time to first analgesic request, incidence of postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV), antiemetic use, patient satisfaction, and any analgesia-related adverse events. Demographic characteristics (age, sex, BMI, ASA status), stone features (location, side, volume), and intraoperative variables will be recorded. Data will be collected prospectively and stored securely. The primary goal is to compare the effect of different postoperative analgesia methods on cumulative opioid use in the first 24 hours. Secondary aims include evaluating pain scores, rescue analgesic need, intraoperative opioid use, time to first analgesic request, PONV incidence, patient satisfaction, and adverse effects.
Study Type
OBSERVATIONAL
Enrollment
75
Haseki Training and Research Hospital
Istanbul, Sultangazi, Turkey (Türkiye)
Cumulative opioid consumption
Cumulative opioid consumption in the first 24 hours
Time frame: 24 hours
Pain scores at rest and during movement
Pain intensity measured using the Numeric Rating Scale (NRS), a validated 11-point pain scale ranging from 0 to 10, where 0 indicates no pain and 10 indicates the worst pain imaginable. Higher scores represent worse pain
Time frame: 0, 2, 6, 12, and 24 hours postoperatively
Time to first analgesic request
Time to first analgesic request
Time frame: Postoperative 24 hours
Need for rescue analgesics
Need for rescue analgesics
Time frame: 24 hours
Intraoperative opioid consumption
Intraoperative opioid consumption
Time frame: During surgery
Antiemetic medication use
Antiemetic medication use
Time frame: 24 hours
Patient satisfaction score
Patient satisfaction regarding postoperative analgesia, assessed using a Numeric Rating Scale (NRS) ranging from 0 to 10, where 0 represents no satisfaction and 10 represents the highest possible satisfaction. Higher scores indicate better satisfaction.
Time frame: 24 hours postoperatively
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