A Comparative Study of Virtual Reality and Sensory-Adapted Dental Environments for Dental Anxiety Reduction in Individuals With BIF

Inclusion Criteria: * age of participants between 10 and 13 years * Diagnosis of Borderline Intellectual Func-tioning (BIF) confirmed by experienced neuropsychiatrists according to DSM-5 criteria * Moderate dental anxiety, defined by a DAS score between 9 and 12 * Presence of at least one tooth with a Class I carious lesion requiring restorative treatment Exclusion Criteria: * absence of dental anxiety (DAS score = 4) * the presence of mild anxiety (DAS score = 5-8) * high or severe anxiety (DAS score ≥ 13)