Premature Coronary Artery Disease and Familial Dyslipidemia in Patients Presenting With Acute Coronary Syndrome

Cairo University2,000 enrolled

Overview

This study aimed to explore the relationship between familial hypercholesterolemia and premature coronary artery disease, particularly in the context of acute coronary syndrome, by reviewing current evidence and highlighting the need for improved screening and aggressive lipid-lowering strategies in high-risk populations.

Dyslipidaemia and familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) are a common disorder that causes premature coronary artery disease. The lifelong burden of elevated low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) in FH accelerates endothelial dysfunction and plaque formation, often culminating in acute coronary syndrome (ACS) at a young age. ACS in patients with undiagnosed FH may be their first clinical manifestation, underscoring the importance of early identification and intervention.

Study Type

OBSERVATIONAL

Enrollment

2,000

Conditions

Premature Coronary Artery Disease Familial Dyslipidemia Acute Coronary Syndrome

Interventions

Cardiovascular risk assessmentOTHER

Participants underwent a standardized cardiovascular risk assessment that included detailed clinical evaluation, lipid profiling (Total Cholesterol, Low-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol, High-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol, and Triglycerides).

Eligibility

Sex: ALLMin age: 18 Years

Medical Language ↔ Plain English

Inclusion Criteria: * Age ≥18 years at the time of presentation. * Both sexes. * Confirmed diagnosis of coronary artery disease (CAD), established by clinical presentation, electrocardiographic findings, elevated cardiac biomarkers, and/or angiographic evidence of ≥50% luminal stenosis in at least one major coronary artery. * Hospital admission to the participating cardiology department between \[insert study period, e.g., January 2020 and December 2024\] for acute coronary syndrome (ACS), including unstable angina, non-ST-elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI), or ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). * Availability of complete clinical, laboratory, and echocardiographic data necessary for classification and analysis. Exclusion Criteria: * Incomplete medical records or missing essential laboratory, imaging, or demographic data. * Secondary causes of dyslipidemia, including uncontrolled hypothyroidism, nephrotic syndrome, chronic liver disease, or use of lipid-altering medications (other than statins) before presentation. * Previous congenital or structural heart disease, cardiomyopathy, or significant valvular heart disease unrelated to CAD. * Severe chronic kidney disease (estimated glomerular filtration rate \<30 mL/min/1.73 m²) or patients on dialysis. * Autoimmune, inflammatory, or systemic diseases known to influence vascular inflammation or lipid metabolism. * Malignancy or life expectancy \<6 months due to non-cardiac causes. * Pregnant or lactating women. * Non-Saudi patients (focusing on Saudi population in southern region).

Locations (1)

Cairo University

Cairo, Egypt

Outcomes

Primary Outcomes

Dyslipidemia pattern in patients with acute coronary syndrome

Dyslipidemia pattern in patients with acute coronary syndrome was recorded.

Time frame: Within 24 hours of hospital admission

Incidence of familial dyslipidemia among patients with acute coronary syndrome

Incidence of familial dyslipidemia among patients with acute coronary syndrome was recorded.

Time frame: Within 24 hours of hospital admission

Data from ClinicalTrials.gov

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